the CMOS RAM values can be cleared to the system defaults by using a configuration switch on the baseboard. Appendix B lists switch and jumper configurations.

An external coin-cell style battery provides power to the RTC and CMOS memory. The battery has an estimated lifetime of seven years and is socketed for easy replacement. Refer to Appendix A for battery replacement details.

IRDA (INFRARED) SUPPORT

Serial port 2 can be configured to support an IrDA module via a 5 pin header connector. Once configured for IrDA, the user can transfer files to/from portable devices such as laptops, PDA’s and printers using application software such as LapLink. The IrDA specification provides for data transfers at up to 115kbps from a distance of 1 meter.

A 5-pin header is provided to allow connection to a Hewlett Packard HSDSL-1000 compatible Infra-red transmitter/receiver.

SYSTEM BIOS

The Advanced/ZP baseboard uses an American Megatrends Incorporated (AMI) Pentium Processor ROM BIOS, which is stored in Flash EEPROM and easily upgraded using a floppy disk-based program. In addition to the AMIBIOS, the Flash EEPROM also contains the Setup utility, Power-On Self Tests (POST), update recovery code, and the PCI auto- configuration utility. This baseboard supports system BIOS shadowing, allowing the BIOS to execute from 32-bit on- board write-protected DRAM.

The BIOS displays a sign-on message during POST identifying the type of BIOS and a five-digit revision code. As an example the BIOS for the Advanced/ZE will be 1.00.02.BS0. As BIOS updates occur the revision number will increase to 1.00.03.BS0, and so on.

Information on BIOS functions can be found in the IBM PS/2 and Personal Computer BIOS Technical Reference published by IBM, and the ISA and EISA Hi-Flex AMIBIOS Technical Reference published by AMI. Both manuals are available at most technical bookstores.

FLASH IMPLEMENTATION

The Intel 28F001BXT 1 Mb FLASH component is organized as 128K x 8 (128 KB). The Flash device is divided into five areas, as described in Table 1.

System Address

FLASH Memory Area

F0000H

FFFFFH

64 KB Main BIOS

EE000H

EFFFFH

8 KB Boot Block (Not FLASH erasable)

ED000H

EDFFFH

4 KB Plug and Play ESCD Storage Area

EC000H

ECFFFH

4 KB OEM LOGO Area

E0000H

EBFFFH

48 KB System BIOS Reserved

 

Table 2. Flash Memory Organization

The FLASH device resides in system memory in two 64 KB segments starting at E0000H, and can be mapped two different ways, depending on the mode of operation. In Normal Mode, address line A16 is inverted, setting the E000H and F000H segments so that the BIOS is organized as shown in the system address column above. Recovery mode removes the inversion on address line A16, swapping the E000H and F000H segments so that the 8 KB boot block resides at FE000H where the CPU expects the bootstrap loader to exist. This mode is only necessary in the unlikely event that a BIOS upgrade procedure is interrupted, causing the BIOS area to be left in an unusable state. For information on recovering the BIOS in the event of a catastrophic failure, refer to the appendix.

BIOS UPGRADES

FLASH memory makes distributing BIOS upgrades easy. A new version of the BIOS can be installed from a diskette. BIOS upgrades will be available as downloadable files on the Intel bulletin board.

The disk-based Flash upgrade utility, FMUP.EXE, has three options for BIOS upgrades:

Advanced/ZP Technical Product Summary Page 9

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Intel 281786-002 manual Irda Infrared Support, System Bios, Flash Implementation, Bios Upgrades

281786-002 specifications

The Intel 281786-002 is a highly regarded microprocessor that was part of Intel’s extensive portfolio of technology solutions. Originally released in the mid-1990s, it is recognized for its robust performance and advanced features, which catered to the needs of both personal computing and embedded systems.

One of the standout features of the Intel 281786-002 is its architecture, which includes a 32-bit data bus. This architecture allows for efficient data processing and memory management. The processor is built on a 0.6-micron process technology, contributing to reduced power consumption while enhancing overall performance. The chip operates at various clock speeds, typically ranging around 25MHz to 50MHz, allowing it to suit different applications and user requirements.

The Intel 281786-002 also boasts a sophisticated instruction set that supports a wide range of operations. This multi-functionality ensures that it can efficiently handle complex computations and multitasking scenarios. Its ability to execute instructions in parallel paves the way for better performance when running multiple applications simultaneously.

In terms of memory support, the processor is designed to interface effectively with both SRAM and DRAM technologies, accommodating a vast range of memory configurations, thereby enhancing flexibility for system designers. It is also compatible with both 16-bit and 32-bit data buses, making it versatile enough for use in various computing environments.

Another notable aspect of the Intel 281786-002 is its integrated security features. These allow for better data protection and integrity, making it a viable choice for systems requiring enhanced security protocols.

Furthermore, the microprocessor's reliability and stability have made it a preferred choice for embedded applications, network devices, and industrial systems. Its proven track record in various computing environments underscores Intel's commitment to quality and performance.

Additionally, the Intel 281786-002 supports various operating systems, providing flexibility in deployment across different computing platforms. This compatibility ensures that users can leverage existing software ecosystems without extensive modifications.

In conclusion, the Intel 281786-002 microprocessor encapsulates an amalgamation of performance, efficiency, and versatility. With its advanced features and robust architecture, it has played a significant role in shaping computing technology, making it a noteworthy component in Intel’s legacy of innovation.