Angle (DVD): Some DVDs contain the recording of multiple viewing angles. This player allows the user to select desired one of the recorded angles during playback of such a DVD.

Audio language (DVD): Some DVDs contain the recording of multiple audio languages. This player allows the user to select desired one of the recorded audio languages during playback of such a DVD.

Aspect ratio: The ratio between the horizontal and vertical sizes of picture displayed on a TV screen. The aspect ratio of ordinary TV is 4:3, and that of widescreen TV is 16:9.

Pan & scan (DVD): Method of displaying a horizontally -long picture recorded in 16:9 aspect ratio on a 4:3 TV screen by trimming part of picture.

In general, the trimming positions for pan & scan are determined uniformly by the reproducing device. However, the pan & scan of DVD allows the software producer to specify the trimming positions to be used in playback.

Letterbox (DVD): Method of displaying a horizontally- long picture recorded in 16:9 aspect ratio on a 4:3 TV screen by attaching bands at the top and bottom of the screen and displaying the horizontally-long picture at the center of screen.

Frame (DVD, VCD): Each frame of a moving picture, that is displayed 30 times a second with NTSC and 25 times a second with PAL. These TV formats reproduce moving pictures by displaying still pictures se- quentially.

Field (DVD, VCD): Part of a frame obtained by dividing the video data of each frame by two. Each frame of ordinary TV is constituted by displaying the fields alternately.

Frame still/Field still (DVD, VCD): Types of still pictures obtained by temporarily stopping a moving pic- ture. The frame still picture may produce blur in the picture because it displays two specific fields alter- nately, but the picture quality is higher. The field still picture has lower picture quality because it uses half the picture information of frame still, but is not accompanies with picture blur.

IPB display (DVD): With the MPEG2 which is one of the video display methods of DVD, each picture is divided into the following three picture types before being coded in digital signal.

I-picture (Intra coded): This is the standard video

and can constitute a picture by itself. As the highest picture quality can be obtained, the still image of I- picture is most suitable for use when adjusting the picture quality.

P-picture (Predictive coded): Picture calculated

based on past pictures (I-picture or P-picture).

B-picture (Bidirectionally predictive coded): Pic-

ture calculated by comparing the previous and next pictures (I-pictures or P-pictures). This picture type contains least amount of video information.

P.B.C. (PlayBack Control) (VCD): VIDEO CDs carrying messages such as "Playback Control Capable" can be played interactively by selecting the desired play position or information in hierarchical structures while watching the menus displayed on the TV screen.

OSD (On-Screen Display): OSD is a method of interactive operations using the menus and icons displayed on the TV screen.

On-Screen Message: Message displayed on the TV screen when an operation is performed.

Chapter 7: Other Information

Downconversion: Conversion of PCM signal with high sampling rate such as 96 kHz and 192 kHz into a signal with a sampling rate of 48 kHz or 44.1 kHz.

Dynamic range: Difference between the minimum reproducible audio signal and maximum reproducible audio signal.

Information Other

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