Track/Track No. ( VCD, CD): A track is also a section of video and audio recorded in a disc. The numbers assigned to individual tracks are referred to as the track numbers. With most of music CDs, a track is assigned to a piece of music. However, with a VCD, the sections of the contents do not always correspond to the assigned tracks. As (special) playback functions such as skipping and programming of ordinary CDs are based on track number data, such playback functions are sometimes impossible with some VCDs.

Cinema Voice function (DVD) : This function to be used when words are hard to be distinguished during playback of DVD recorded with Dolby Digital Surround.

Subtitle language (DVD): Some DVDs contain the recording of multiple subtitle languages.

Angle (DVD) : Some DVDs contain the recording of multiple viewing angles.

Audio language (DVD) : Some DVDs contain the recording of multiple audio languages.

Aspect ratio: The ratio between the horizontal and vertical sizes of picture displayed on a TV screen. The aspect ratio of ordinary TV is 4:3, and that of widescreen TV is 16:9.

Pan & scan (DVD): Method of displaying a horizontally -long picture recorded in 16:9 aspect ratio on a 4:3 TV screen by trimming part of picture.

In general, the trimming positions for pan & scan are determined uniformly by the reproducing de- vice. However, the pan & scan of DVD allows the software producer to specify the trimming positions to be used in playback.

In caseImportantof difficultyItems 97

Letterbox (DVD): Method of displaying a horizon-

 

tally-long picture recorded in 16:9 aspect ratio on

 

a 4:3 TV screen by attaching bands at the top and

 

bottom of the screen and displaying the horizon-

 

tally-long picture at the center of screen.

 

Frame (DVD, VCD): Each frame of a moving pic-

 

ture, that is displayed 30 times a second with

 

NTSC and 25 times a second with PAL. These

 

TV formats reproduce moving pictures by dis-

 

playing still pictures sequentially.

 

Field (DVD, VCD): Part of a frame obtained by di-

 

viding the video data of each frame by two. Each

 

frame of ordinary TV is constituted by displaying

 

the fields alternately.

 

Frame still/Field still (DVD, VCD): Types of still pic-

 

tures obtained by temporarily stopping a moving

 

picture. The frame still picture may produce blur in

 

the picture because it displays two specific fields

 

alternately, but the picture quality is higher. The

 

field still picture has lower picture quality because

 

it uses half the picture information of frame still,

 

but is not accompanies with picture blur.

 

IPB display (DVD): With the MPEG2 which is one

 

of the video display methods of DVD, each pic-

 

ture is divided into the following three picture

 

types before being coded in digital signal.

 

I-picture (Intra coded) : This is the standard

 

video and can constitute a picture by itself. As

 

the highest picture quality can be obtained, the

Knowledge

still image of I-picture is most suitable for use

 

when adjusting the picture quality.

sections

P-picture (Predictire coded): Picture calculated

 

based on past pictures (I-picture or P-picture).