Technical Description
Technical Description
The Omega Engineering OMG-COMM+232.PCIprovides a PCI interface adapter with 2 asynchronous serial ports providing a versatile interface for modems, printers and plotters.
The OMG-COMM+232.PCIutilizes the 16550 UART. This chip features programmable baud rates, data format, interrupt control and a 16-byte input and output FIFO. Also available as an option is the 16C650 UART that provides a deeper FIFO (32 bytes) and enhanced clocking features.
Interrupts
A good description of an interrupt and it’s importance to the PC can be found in the book ‘Peter Norton’s Inside the PC, Premier Edition’:
“One of the key things that makes a computer different from any other kind of man-made machine is that computers have the capability to respond to the unpredictable variety of work that comes to them. The key to this capability is a feature known as interrupts. The interrupt feature enables the computer to suspend whatever it is doing and switch to something else in response to an interruption, such as the press of a key on the keyboard.”
A good analogy of a PC interrupt would be the phone ringing. The phone ‘bell’ is a request for us to stop what we are currently doing and take up another task (speak to the person on the other end of the line). This is the same process the PC uses to alert the CPU that a task must be preformed. The CPU upon receiving an interrupt makes a record of what the processor was doing at the time and stores this information on the ‘stack’; this allows the processor to resume its predefined duties after the interrupt is handled, exactly where it left off. Every main sub-system in the PC has it’s own interrupt, frequently called an IRQ (short for Interrupt ReQuest).
In these early days of PC’s Omega Engineering decided that the ability to share IRQs was an important feature for any add-in I/O card. Consider that in the IBM XT the available IRQs were IRQ0 through IRQ7. Of these interrupts only IRQ2-5 and IRQ7 were actually available for use. This made the IRQ a very valuable system resource. To make the maximum use of these system resources Omega Engineering devised an IRQ sharing circuit that allowed more than one port to use a selected IRQ. This worked fine as a hardware solution but presented the software designer with a challenge to identify the source of the interrupt. The software designer frequently used a technique referred to as ‘round robin
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