Chapter 4

Testing and Diagnostics

This chapter describes the FOM-E1/T1 diagnostics functions, which include:

Front panel LED indicators

Alarm relay

Diagnostic loopbacks.

In addition, this chapter provides some tips on troubleshooting and frequently asked questions.

4.1 Status Indicators and Alarm Relay

Front Panel LEDs

The status of FOM-E1/T1 is indicated by the front panel LED indicators. For description of LED indicators and their functions, refer to Chapter 3.

Alarm Relay

FOM-E1/T1 supports dry contact alarm relay via reserved pins of the DB-15 female connector. The following fault conditions trigger relay of the major and minor alarms:

Major alarms are initiated when E1/T1 electrical input becomes lower than G.703 electrical levels, or bit error rate at the fiber optic interface is 10-6or worse.

Minor alarms occur when an Alarm Indication Signal is received at the E1/T1 electrical or fiber optic interfaces.

Table 4-1lists the DB-15 connector pins used for the alarm relay.

Table 4-1. DB-15 Connector, Alarm Relay Pins

Pin

Contact

Alarm Type

 

 

 

7, 8

Normally Closed

Minor

 

 

15, 8

Normally Open

 

 

 

 

5, 6

Normally Closed

Major

 

 

13, 6

Normally Open

 

 

 

 

Status Indicators and Alarm Relay

4-1

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RAD Data comm E1, T1 operation manual Chapter Testing and Diagnostics, Status Indicators and Alarm Relay, Front Panel LEDs

T1, E1 specifications

RAD Data Communication specializes in providing advanced networking solutions, particularly for E1 and T1 lines. These digital transmission systems are pivotal in telecommunications, allowing for efficient data transfer, voice communication, and multimedia services.

E1 and T1 lines are standardized digital circuits offering capacity for multiple channels. A T1 line, commonly used in North America, accommodates data transmission at a rate of 1.544 Mbps, while an E1 line, predominantly used in Europe and other parts of the world, supports a rate of 2.048 Mbps. Each line can carry multiple voice channels—up to 24 for T1 and 32 for E1—making them suitable for both voice and data services.

One of the main features of RAD's E1 and T1 solutions is their versatility. These lines can be utilized in various applications, including traditional telephony, private branch exchanges (PBXs), and modern Voice over IP (VoIP) networks. RAD's solutions enable users to seamlessly migrate from older systems to more integrated and efficient digital networks without sacrificing performance.

RAD Data Communication focuses on ensuring reliability and robustness in their E1 and T1 offerings. With built-in error detection mechanisms, such as cyclic redundancy check (CRC), these systems maintain high levels of data integrity. In addition, RAD’s devices often incorporate advanced features like Adaptive Rate Control, allowing for dynamic adjustments to accommodate varying network conditions.

Technology-wise, RAD integrates advanced protocols and features, such as Frame Relay and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), into their E1 and T1 equipment. This flexibility supports the transmission of diverse data types, ensuring users can transition smoothly between legacy systems and modern technologies.

Another characteristic that sets RAD's products apart is their management capabilities. Many devices come equipped with SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) support, enabling remote monitoring and management. This feature is essential for network administrators seeking to maintain optimal performance and quickly address potential issues.

Moreover, RAD's E1 and T1 solutions are designed for easy integration into existing network infrastructures. Their compact and modular design allows for straightforward installation and scalability, accommodating future growth and technology advancements without major overhauls.

In summary, RAD Data Communication’s E1 and T1 solutions are characterized by their reliability, versatility, and advanced management features. Designed to meet the evolving needs of communication networks, they ensure that users can take full advantage of both traditional and modern telecommunications technologies.