Aperture value and the depth of ﬁeld

Concepts in Photography

The size of the aperture is represented by a value known as an “F-number.” The f-number represents the focal length divided by the diameter of the lens. For example, if a lens with a 50 mm focal length has an f-number of F2, the diameter of the aperture is 25 mm. (50 mm/25 mm=F2) The smaller the f-number, the greater the size of the aperture.

The opening in the aperture is described as the Exposure Value (EV). Increasing the Exposure Value (+1 EV) means the amount of light doubles. Decreasing the Exposure Value (-1 EV) means the amount of light halves. You can also use the exposure compensation feature to ﬁne-tune the amount of light by subdividing exposure values into 1/2, 1/3 EV, and so on.

+1 EV		-1 EV
F1.4	F2	F2.8	F4	F5.6	F8

Exposure Value Steps

Aperture value and the depth of ﬁeld

You can blur or sharpen the background of a photo by controlling the aperture. It is closely related to the depth of ﬁeld (DOF), which can be expressed as small or large.

A photo with a large DOF

A photo with a small DOF

The aperture housing contains several blades. These blades move together and control the amount of light passing through the center of the aperture. The number of blades also affects the shape of light when shooting night scenes. If an aperture has an even number of blades, light divides into an equal number of sections. If the number of blades is odd, the number of sections is double the number of blades.

For example, an aperture with 8 blades divides light into 8 sections and an aperture with 7 blades into 14 sections.

7 blades

8 blades

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