Hitachi US7070447-001 manual Chapter Fundamentals of Networking

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Chapter 5

Fundamentals of Networking

Today, there are many different types of computers and networking equipment available. These devices are expected to communicate with each other. For this reason, it is extremely important that a set of rules be established and implemented in order for networking devices to function well together.

In 1978, the International Standards Organization (ISO) defined the Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model for networking. This reference model outlines the communications protocols used when transporting data from one network node to another. The standard was initially written to provide both hardware and software vendors a common platform on which to develop products. The model also serves as the basis for the IEEE LAN standards.

The OSI Model divides the task of computer communications into seven layers. The model represents a hierarchical structure and is designed so that each layer performs a specific service transparently to layer above and below it. In addition, the corresponding layers between two adjacent devices communicate to each other in a peer to peer relationship.

The Figure 5-1 shows the seven layers in the OSI Model in a peer-to-peer relationship

Doc Part Number, Version Number

5-1

Image 35
Contents Troubleshooting Guide #&$$% Table of Contents Chapter Fundamentals of Networking Chapter Methods of Managing the SwitchChapter Cabling Chapter Vlan Concepts Chapter Troubleshooting at the MAC LayerChapter Bridging Concepts Chapter Basic ATM Concepts Chapter Troubleshooting at the Network LayerIndex Chapter Fddi ConceptsViii HS150-100-16 base model with an HS150-100-8E expansion List of FiguresViii List of Tables US7070447-001 Chapter Introduction Purpose of the Guide Basic Troubleshooting TipsHow to Contact Tech Support HIassist@hitachi.com HiSpeed Switch Troubleshooting Guide Basic Product Features Supported Chapter HiSpeed Switch What is the HiSpeed Switch?Available Configurations Total Model Mbps Uplink Upgrades To Ports TX Ports FX Ports Base model configurationsHS140/150-100 Model HS140/150-010 ModelMbps Base Model TX Ports FX Ports HiSpeed switch expansion modulesExpansion Modules Module Number MbpsModel Ports Type Base Model UpLink ModulesUplink modules for the HS15-010 and HS150-100 Observing LEDs Chapter Hardware DiagnosticsLED status Reset ButtonLEDs Module LEDsHardware Diagnostics Color State Description RJ-45 LEDsLEDs on FX ports Color Status DescriptionFactory Switch Settings HiSpeed Memory, Boot Prom, Flash ComponentsHiSpeed Switch Troubleshooting Guide Basic Connections Chapter Cabling10BASE-TX Ports RJ-45 Connector pin assignmentsPin MDI-X Signal 100BASE-FX Ports 10/100BASE-TX PortsConsole Port Pin Assignments Pins Signal NameConsole Port Cabling HiSpeed Switch Troubleshooting Guide Chapter Fundamentals of Networking Network Media Examples of Physical Layer devices are repeaters and hubsExamples of Layer 2 devices are bridges and switches HiSpeed Switch Troubleshooting GUide Using the Console Port Chapter Methods of Managing the SwitchCLI Command Line Interface Troubleshooting a Console Connection Using a Telnet SessionLogging Troubleshooting a Telnet SessionWindows 95/Windows NT HiView Switch ManagementHiView Tips UnixSnmpc Issues Troubleshooting HiViewExample MIB Compiler Reload NowagainFig2. MIB Browser SNMPTalk Issues How Spanning Tree Works Chapter Bridging Concepts Basic Bridging ConceptsUsing Spanning Tree Troubleshooting Bridging Issues To reduce the STA timer, type Vlan CLI CommandsHiSpeed Switch Troubleshooting Guide Chapter Vlan Concepts VLANs Default VLANs Multiple VLANsProblem Cannot ping a users on a different Vlan Troubleshooting VLANsVlan Entries Useful CLI CommandsDescription CLI command Vlan entry created Vlan TipsChapter Troubleshooting at the MAC Layer Ethernet Common Ethernet Errors Physical Media SpecificationsOversized frames Alignment errorsFCS errors Ethernet TipsTo clear the buffer queues Troubleshooting EthernetDisplays all port speeds, duplexity HiSpeed Switch Troubleshooting GUide Class Range Subnet Mask IP address classesRIP Routing Information Protocol Other IP-related ServicesStatic Routes vs. Dynamic Routes Default RouteRoute Cache Forwarding vs. IP Forwarding Network Unreachable Common Icmp Destination Unreachable MessagesTroubleshooting IP Problem Cannot establish a telnet session to the switch CLI CommandsVPI/VCI Chapter Basic ATM ConceptsLAN Emulation Lane Permanent Virtual Circuits vs Switched Virtual CircuitsLAN Emulation Client LEC Point-to-Point Bridging Ptop Classical IP over ATM CIPATM Ptop TrunkingATM Troubleshooting Tips Hitachi HiSpeed ATM SpecificationsTroubleshooting Lane Verify the following using /ATM/SHOW/connection Troubleshooting CIP11-9 Troubleshooting Ptop Verify signaling and Ilmi status should be ‘up’ Troubleshooting Trunking Verify all ATM Trunk ports are in a ‘Forwarding’ state using Displays all active ATM circuits Dual Ring Chapter Fddi ConceptsHiSpeed Fddi Uplink Fddi Uplink Module installed in an HS150SAS cable connections Cable ConnectionsLED Status Board Status Description Yellow Green Fddi Bridge ModesLED States Promiscuous Mode Fddi Troubleshooting TipsFiltering Mode Forwarding ModeVerify that physical port 34 is active using vvp Troubleshooting FddiProblem Cannot ping another Vlan over Fddi 12-8 Displays the Fddi MAC Neighbor address table 12-10 Index 71$E54 C1=5.2 ?U?B*,8

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