Agilent Technologies 8510-58 manual Lower/minimum frequency

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Therefore, for the WR-62 waveguide standard defi- nition table, offset loss of zero ohm/sec is entered for all four standards.

Lower/minimum frequency

Lower frequency defines the minimum frequency at which the standard is to be used for the purposes of calibration.

Note

When defining coaxial offset standards, it may be necessary to use banded offset shorts to specify a single standard class. The lower and upper fre- quency parameters should be used to indicate the frequency range of desired response. It should be noted that lower and upper frequency serve a dual purpose of separating banded standards which comprise a single class as well as defining the over- all applicable frequency range over which a cali- bration kit may be used.

In waveguide, this must be its lower cut-off fre- quency of the principal mode of propagation. Waveguide cutoff frequencies can be found in most waveguide textbooks. The cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode of propagation (TE10) in rectan- gular waveguide is defined as follows.

f = c 2a

c = 2.997925 x 1010 cm/sec.

a = inside width of waveguide, larger dimension in cm

As referenced in offset delay, the minimum fre- quency is used to compute the dispersion effects in waveguide.

For the WR-62 waveguide example, the lower cutoff frequency is calculated as follows.

f = c = 2.997925 x 1010 cm/s = 9.487 GHz

2a 2 x 1.58 cm

c = 2.997925 x 1010 cm/s a = 1.58 cm

The lower cut-off frequency of 9.487 GHz is entered into the table for all four WR-62 waveguide standards.

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Contents Product Note 8510-5B Table of contents Measurement errors IntroductionMeasurement calibration Calibration kit Class assignment Standard definitionStandard definitions table Standard class assignments Select standards Modification procedureStandard definition models Define standardsStandard number Standard typeOpen circuit capacitance C0 , C1 , C2 and C3 ΠfZ ΠfXShort circuit inductance L0 , L1, L2 and L3 ∆∅radians = 2πf ∆length Terminal impedance Offset delay Delay seconds = Fixed or slidingOffset Z0 Linear delay Actual delay = Fco/f210 log10e εr Offset loss1GHz = 1GHz c Z0Lower/minimum frequency ∅radians = Upper/maximum frequencyFupper = 2 x Flower Coax or waveguideAssign classes Standard labelsStandard Classes Isolation S11 A,B,C and S22 A,B,CForward transmission match and thru Reverse transmission match and thruTRM Thru TRL ThruTRL Reflect TRL LineStandard Class labels TRL optionsCalibration kit label Verify performance Enter standards/classesModeling an arbitrary impedance standard User modified cal kits and Agilent 8510 specificationsModification examples Modeling a thru adapterTo store calibration kits from the Agilent 8510 onto a disk Appendix a Calibration kit entry procedureDisk procedure To load calibration kits from disk into AgilentFront panel procedure P-band waveguide example Pshort Appendix B Dimensional considerations in coaxial connectors Mm coaxial connector interfaceType-N coaxial connector interface Female type-N Mm Coaxial connector Type-N coaxial connector interfacePage Equation Appendix C Cal coefficients modelTheir first order approximations, R is small and G=0, are Then Online assistance Phone or Fax United States
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