Agilent Technologies 8510-58 manual Standard number, Standard type

Page 9

Each standard is described using the Standard Definition Table in accordance with the 1- or 2- port model. The Standard Definition table for a waveguide calibration kit is shown in Table 1. Each standard type (short, open, load, thru, and arbi- trary impedance) may be defined by the parame- ters as specified below.

•Standard number and standard type

•Fringing capacitance of an open, or inductance of a short, specified by a third order polynomial

•Load/arbitrary impedance, which is specified as fixed or sliding

•Terminal resistance of an arbitrary impedance

•Offsets which are specified by delay, Z0, Rloss

•Frequency range

•Connector type: coaxial or waveguide

•Label (up to 10 alphanumeric characters)

Standard number

A calibration kit may contain up to 21 standards (See Table 1). The required number of standards will depend on frequency coverage and whether thru adapters are needed for sexed connectors.

For the WR-62 waveguide example, four standards will be sufficient to perform the FULL 2-PORT cali- bration. Three reflection standards are required, and one transmission standard (a thru) will be suf- ficient to complete this calibration kit.

Standard type

A standard type must be classified as a “short” “open,” “load”, “thru,” or “arbitrary impedance.” The associated models for reflection standards (short, open, load, and arbitrary impedance) and transmission standards (thru) are shown in Figure 1.

For the WR-62 waveguide calibration kit, the four standards are a 1/8 λ and 3/8 λ offset short, a fixed matched load, and a thru. Standard types are entered into the Standard Definition table under STANDARD NUMBERS 1 through 4 as short, short, load, and thru respectively.

Open circuit capacitance: C0 , C1 , C2 and C3

If the standard type selected is an “open,” the C0 through C3 coefficients are specified and then used to mathematically model the phase shift caused by fringing capacitance as a function of frequency.

As a reflection standard, an “open” offers the advantage of broadband frequency coverage, while offset shorts cannot be used over more than an octave. The reflection coefficient ( = pe-je) of a perfect zero-length-open is 1 at 0° for all frequen- cies. At microwave frequencies however, the magni- tude and phase of an “open” are affected by the radiation loss and capacitive “fringing” fields, respectively. In coaxial transmission media, shield- ing techniques are effective in reducing the radia- tion loss. The magnitude (p) of a zero-length “open” is assigned to be 1 (zero radiation loss) for all frequencies when using the Agilent 8510 Standard Type “open.”

9

Page 8 Page 10
Image 9
Page 8 Page 10
Contents Product Note 8510-5B Table of contents Measurement errors IntroductionMeasurement calibration Calibration kit Class assignment Standard definitionStandard definitions table Standard class assignments Select standards Modification procedureStandard definition models Define standardsStandard number Standard typeOpen circuit capacitance C0 , C1 , C2 and C3 ΠfZ ΠfXShort circuit inductance L0 , L1, L2 and L3 ∆∅radians = 2πf ∆lengthDelay seconds = Offset delayFixed or sliding Terminal impedanceOffset Z0 Linear delay Actual delay = Fco/f21GHz = Offset loss1GHz c Z0 10 log10e εrLower/minimum frequency Fupper = 2 x Flower Upper/maximum frequencyCoax or waveguide ∅radians =Assign classes Standard labelsStandard Classes Forward transmission match and thru S11 A,B,C and S22 A,B,CReverse transmission match and thru IsolationTRL Reflect TRL ThruTRL Line TRM ThruStandard Class labels TRL optionsCalibration kit label Verify performance Enter standards/classesModification examples User modified cal kits and Agilent 8510 specificationsModeling a thru adapter Modeling an arbitrary impedance standardDisk procedure Appendix a Calibration kit entry procedureTo load calibration kits from disk into Agilent To store calibration kits from the Agilent 8510 onto a diskFront panel procedure P-band waveguide example Pshort Appendix B Dimensional considerations in coaxial connectors Mm coaxial connector interfaceType-N coaxial connector interface Female type-N Mm Coaxial connector Type-N coaxial connector interfacePage Equation Appendix C Cal coefficients modelTheir first order approximations, R is small and G=0, are Then Online assistance Phone or Fax United States
Top Page Image Contents