RayTek MI Miniature Infrared Sensor operating instructions Appendix, Determination of Emissivity

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Appendix

12 Appendix

12.1 Determination of Emissivity

Emissivity is a measure of an object’s ability to absorb and emit infrared energy. It can have a value between 0 and 1.0. For example a mirror has an emissivity of < 0.1, while the so‐called “Blackbody“ reaches an emissivity value of 1.0. If a higher than actual emissivity value is set, the output will read low, provided the target temperature is above its ambient temperature. For example, if you have set 0.95 and the actual emissivity is 0.9, the temperature reading will be lower than the true temperature.

An object’s emissivity can be determined by one of the following methods:

1.Determine the actual temperature of the material using an RTD (PT100), a thermocouple, or any other suitable contact temperature method. Next, measure the object’s temperature and adjust emissivity setting until the correct temperature value is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured material.

2.For relatively low temperatures (up to 260°C / 500°F) place a plastic sticker (e.g. XXXRPMACED) on the object to be measured. This sticker should be large enough to cover the target spot. Next, measure the sticker’s temperature using an emissivity setting of 0.95. Finally, measure the temperature of an adjacent area on the object and adjust the emissivity setting until the same temperature is reached. This is the correct emissivity for the measured material.

3.If possible, apply flat black paint to a portion of the surface of the object. The emissivity of the paint is 0.95. Next, measure the temperature of the painted area using an emissivity setting of

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Contents Operating Instructions Declaration of Conformity for the European Community Europe ContactsRaytek GmbH Raytek Corporation United Kingdom FranceWarranty Table of Contents Onnecting to the PC VIA RS232 Output for the Target Temperature Ommand S ET Safety Instructions Safety InstructionsOperating Instructions Description DescriptionMeasurement Specifications Technical DataTechnical Data Temperature Coefficient Temperature ResolutionEmissivity TransmissionOptical Resolution DS Technical Data Optical SpecificationsOutputs Technical Data Electrical SpecificationsPower Supply Technical Data Environmental Specifications Dimensions of Sensing Head Technical Data DimensionsScope of Delivery Dimensions of Electronic BoxBasics Measurement of Infrared TemperatureBasics Atmospheric Quality Ambient TemperatureBasics Emissivity of Target Object Basics Electrical Interference Installation InstallationPositioning Distance to ObjectSensor Head Cable WiringCable Preparation Cable for Power Supply and OutputsConnecting of Cables to the Electronic Box Signal Outputs and Power Supply Installation OutputsWiring of the Signal Output mA or Signal OutputWiring the Output for Head Ambient Temperature Head Ambient Temp. / Alarm OutputInstallation Thermocouple Output Wiring the Thermocouple J Compensation CableWiring the Thermocouple K Compensation Cable Overview to the FTC Inputs Installation Inputs FTCRatio between Analog Input Voltage and Emissivity Example Emissivity Setting analog controlledDigital Selection of Emissivity with FTC Inputs Emissivity Setting digital controlledAmbient Background Temperature Compensation Principle of Ambient Background Temperature Compensation Trigger and Hold Function Wiring of FTC3 as External InputFTC3 for Holding the Output Temperature Connecting the RS232 cable Installation Connecting to the PC via RS232Wiring the RS485 Interface Installation Installing of Multiple Sensors via RS485Addressing through Software Addressing through ButtonsInstallation Control Panel OperationOperation Operation Setting the Output Jumper Operation Setting of Modes Available Modes Mode RangeAveraging Operation Post ProcessingOperation Peak Hold Valley Hold Advanced Peak Hold Advanced Valley Hold with Averaging Advanced Valley HoldAdvanced Peak Hold with Averaging Operation Factory Defaults Options OptionsOverview AccessoriesAccessories Standard Mounting Accessories Adjustable Mounting Bracket Xxxmiacab Accessories Adjustable Mounting BracketFixed Mounting Bracket Xxxmiacfb Accessories Fixed Mounting BracketAir Purging Jacket Xxxmiacaj Accessories Air Purging JacketMounting the Air Purge Jacket Air Cooling System Accessories Air Cooling SystemAir Flow Accessories Air Cooling System T‐Adapter Dimensions of Air Cooling System Right Angle Mirror * with Air Purging Accessories Right Angle MirrorBox Lid with View Port for Post Installations Accessories Box LidProtective Window Xxxmiacpw Accessories Protective WindowMaintenance MaintenanceTroubleshooting Minor Problems TroubleshootingError Codes for the Outputs Maintenance Fail‐Safe OperationError Codes LCD Display Error Codes via RS232/485Error Codes via RS232/485 Error Codes for the LCD Display Maintenance Sensing Head Exchange Maintenance Software SoftwareProgramming Guide Programming GuideProgramming Guide Transfer Modes SettingsReturn from the burst mode to the poll mode Requesting a parameter Poll Mode Programming Guide General Command StructureSetting a parameter Poll Mode Device response formatDevice Information Error messageDevice Information Temperature Calculation Programming Guide Device SetupEmissivity Setting and Alarm Set points Selection of the emissivity settingTable for Emissivity and Set Points Post Processing Dynamic DataAlarm Output Output for the Target TemperatureFactory default values Programming Guide Device ControlChanging the Sensing Head Calibration Data Lock ModeMode Setting for the Digital Input FTC3 Setting the command ES = D Changing an address Programming Guide Multiple Units RS485 Multidrop ModeLCD Programming Guide Command SetDescription LT ‐40 to 600C ‐40 to 1112F = number, X = uppercase letter Command Set Determination of Emissivity AppendixAppendix Appendix Appendix Typical Emissivity Values Metals Tab Typical Emissivity Values for Metals Tab Typical Emissivity Values for Non‐Metals NON -METALSIndex Index