Generac Power Systems 5411, 5412, 5413, 5415, 5414, 5410 manual Electrical Units, Ohm’s Law

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Section 4

MEASURING ELECTRICITY

Electrical Units

AMPERE:

The rate of electron flow in a circuit is represented by the AMPERE. The ampere is the number of elec- trons flowing past a given point at a given time. One AMPERE is equal to just slightly more than six thou- sand million billion electrons per second.

With alternating current (AC), the electrons flow first in one direction, then reverse and move in the oppo- site direction. They will repeat this cycle at regular intervals. A wave diagram, called a “sine wave” shows that current goes from zero to maximum positive value, then reverses and goes from zero to maximum negative value. Two reversals of current flow is called a cycle. The number of cycles per second is called frequency and is usually stated in “Hertz”.

VOLT:

The VOLT is the unit used to measure electrical PRESSURE, or the difference in electrical potential that causes electrons to flow. Very few electrons will flow when voltage is weak. More electrons will flow as voltage becomes stronger. VOLTAGE may be consid- ered to be a state of unbalance and current flow as an attempt to regain balance. One volt is the amount of EMF that will cause a current of 1 ampere to flow through 1 ohm of resistance.

OHM:

The OHM is the unit of RESISTANCE. In every circuit there is a natural resistance or opposition to the flow of electrons. When an EMF is applied to a complete circuit, the electrons are forced to flow in a single direction rather than their free or orbiting pattern. The resistance of a conductor depends on (a) its physical makeup, (b) its cross-sectional area, (c) its length, and (d) its temperature. As the conductor’s tempera- ture increases, its resistance increases in direct pro- portion. One (1) ohm of resistance will permit one (1) ampere of current to flow when one (1) volt of electro- motive force (EMF) is applied.

Ohm’s Law

A definite and exact relationship exists between VOLTS, OHMS and AMPERES. The value of one can be calculated when the value of the other two are known. Ohm’s Law states that in any circuit the current will increase when voltage increases but resis- tance remains the same, and current will decrease when resistance Increases and voltage remains the same.

VOLTS

(E)

Conductor of a

Circuit

-

OHM - Unit measuring resistance or opposition to+flow

AMPERE - Unit measuring rate of

current flow (number of electrons past a given point)

vOLT - Unit measuring force or difference in potential causing current flow

AMPS OHMS

(I)(R)

Figure 4-5.

If AMPERES is unknown while VOLTS and OHMS are known, use the following formula:

AMPERES = VOLTSOHMS

If VOLTS is unknown while AMPERES and OHMS are known, use the following formula:

VOLTS = AMPERES x OHMS

If OHMS is unknown but VOLTS and AMPERES are known, use the following:

Figure 4-4. – Electrical Units

OHMS =

VOLTS

AMPERES

 

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Contents Diagnostic Repair Manual Safety Table of Contents Section Electrical Data 78-79 Electromagnetic Fields MagnetismElectromagnetic Induction More Sophisticated AC Generator Simple AC GeneratorGenerator Operating Diagram Generator AC Connection System Field BoostConnection for 120 Volts Only Stator Assembly Rotor AssemblyExcitation Circuit Components Brush HolderDescription Crankcase BreatherControl Panel Components Control Panel Component IdentificationDrying the Generator Cleaning the GeneratorEffects of Dirt and Moisture Insulation Resistance TestersStator Insulation Resistance Megohmmeter Testing Rotor InsulationTesting Stator Insulation Testing Rotor InsulationMeasuring DC Voltage MetersVOM Measuring AC VoltageMeasuring Resistance Measuring CurrentOhm’s Law Electrical UnitsOperational Analysis IntroductionCircuit Condition Cranking Circuit Condition Running Circuit Condition Shutdown Printed Circuit Board BatteryRecommended Battery Battery CablesAmp Fuse Start-Stop SwitchStarter Contactor Relay Starter Motor Start-Stop SwitchProblem 1 Voltage & Frequency Are Both High or Low If Problem Involves AC OutputTest Troubleshooting Flowcharts Proble 5 Priming Function Does Not Work Gasoline Models Problem 6 Engine Will Not Crank Test 26 Check Test 20 Check Check Fuel Wire 14 Power Good Troubleshooting Flowcharts Problem 8 Engine Starts Hard and Runs Rough Gasoline Units Problem 8 Engine Starts Hard and Runs Rough LP Units LOW OIL Pressure Flashes on SW1 LED YES Problem 10 7.5A F1 Fuse BlowingDiscussion ProcedureTest 1 Check No-Load Voltage Frequency Test 2 Check Stepper Motor ControlTest 4 Fixed Excitation Test/Rotor Amp Draw Six Pin J2 Connector Wire ColorsFixed Excitation Test, Step B Test 6 Test Stator DPE Winding Test 5 Check Field BoostStator Excitation Winding Test 7 Check Sensing Leads / Power WindingsTest 8 Check Brush Leads Stator Power Winding LeadsTest 9 Check Brushes & Slip Rings Test 10 Check Rotor AssemblyTest 13 Check Load Watts Amperage SchematicTest 11 Check Main Circuit Breaker Test 12 Check Load Voltage FrequencyTest 15 Check Fuel Pump Test 14 Try Cranking the EngineTest 18 Check Power Supply to Printed Circuit Board Test 17 Check Battery & CablesTest 16 Check 7.5 Amp Fuse Test 20 Check Start-Stop Switch Test 19 Check Continuity of WireTest 22 Check Starter Contactor Relay Test 21 Check Power Supply to WireTest 24 Check Starter Motor Test 23 Check Starter ContactorPinion Checking the PinionTools for Starter Performance Test Minimum rpm 4500 Maximum Amps To Carburetor GAS Test 25 Check Fuel Supply29. Fuel Regulator Test 26 Check Wire 14 Power SupplyTest 28 Check Fuel Solenoid Gasoline Models Test 27 Check WireTools RequiredTwo Ignition Testers Generac P/N 0C5969 Test 29 Check Ignition SparkTest 30 Check Spark Plugs Test 31 Check and Adjust Ignition Magnetos37. Setting Ignition Magneto Armature Air Gap Checking Flywheel Magnet Test 32 Check Valve AdjustmentFlywheel KEY Test 34 Check Choke Solenoid Test 33 Check CarburetionSolenoid Panel To ControlTest 36 Check Oil Pressure Switch Test 38 Test Oil Temperature Switch Test 37 Check Wire 86 for ContinuityTest 40 Test Choke Heater Test 39 Check Wire 85 for ContinuityTest 41 Check LPG Fuel Solenoid Section Exploded Views QTY Description Enclosure Drawing No G3881-C Enclosure Door Views Screw Plastite HI-LOW #10X3/8 Engine Accessories Drawing No G7718-B QTY Description 48,49 Square Head Plug Rotor & Stator Drawing No G3953-b NUT TOP Lock FL M8-1.25 Charts Nominal Resistances of Generator Windings at 68f Generator SpecificationsElectrical Data Electrical Data OG7515 REV. a

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