Distributing Your C++ Products 195 | HP C/aC++ for PA-RISC Software

Strings	194
Arrays	194
Files in FORTRAN	194
11 Distributing Your C++ Products	195
Applications that use HP aC++ Shared Libraries	195
Linking Your HP aC++ Libraries with Other Languages	196
Installing your Application	196
HP aC++ Files You May Distribute	196
Terms for Distribution of HP aC++ Files	197
12 Migrating from HP C++ (cfront) to HP aC++	198
General Guidelines for Migration	198
Getting Started with Migration	198
Writing Code for both Compilers	199
Explicit Loading and Unloading of Shared Libraries	199
Memory Allocation	199
Command-Line Differences	199
New Command-Line Options	199
Obsolete Command-Line Options	200
Changed Command-Line Options	201
Migration Considerations when Debugging	202
Migration Considerations when Using Exception Handling	202
Exception Handling is the Default	202
Memory Allocation Failure and operator new	203
Possible Differences when Exiting a Signal Handler	203
Differences in setjmp/longjmp Behavior	204
Calling unexpected	204
Unreachable catch Clauses	205
Throwing an Object having an Ambiguous Base Class	205
Migration Considerations when Using Libraries	206
Standards Based Libraries	206
HP C++ (cfront) Compatibility Libraries	207
IOStream Library	207
Manpages	207
Header Files	207
Standard Components Library Not Provided	208
HP C++ (cfront) Complex Library Not Supported	208
Manpages	208
Header File	208
HP C++ (cfront) Task Library Not Supported	208
Manpages	208
Migration Considerations Related to Preprocessing	208
Obsolete Preprocessor Options	209
Migration Considerations Related to Standardization	209
Changes in C++ Semantics	209
Implicit Typing of Character String Literals	209
Overload Resolution Ambiguity of Subscripting Operator	210
Execution Order of Static Constructors in Shared Libraries	210
More Frequent Inlining of Inline Code	211
Changes in C++ Syntax	211
Explicit int Declaration	211
The for Statement, New Scoping Rules	212
struct as Template Type Parameter is Permitted	212
Base Template Class Reference Syntax Change	213
Tokens after #endif	213

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HP C/aC++ for PA-RISC Software manual Distributing Your C++ Products 195, Migrating from HP C++ cfront to HP aC++ 198

Contents

HP aC++/HP C A.06.28 Programmers Guide Page Contents +FP Contents Contents Contents Data Alignment Pragmas Pragma Directives and AttributesInitialization and Termination Pragmas Copyright Notice and Identification Pragmas Contents Preprocessing Directives 119 Standardizing Your Code 138 Using HP aC++ Templates 132 Exception Handling 161 Optimizing HP aC++ Programs 156 170 Tools and Libraries 175 Mixing C++ with Other Languages 188 Distributing Your C++ Products 195 Migrating from HP C++ cfront to HP aC++ 198Strings 194 Arrays Files in Fortran Glossary 223 Index 227 Documentation feedback 221 Diagnostic Messages 222 HP secure development lifecycle About This Document Intended AudienceWhat’s in This Document This document uses the following conventions Typographical Conventions HP-UX 11i Releases Publishing HistoryRelated Documents HP-UX Release Name and Release Identifier Following is a list of documents available with this release HP Encourages Your Comments Other HP aC++ executable files are Getting Started with HP aC++Components of the Compilation System C89 C99 ecom Ctcom Debugging Programs Using the aCC CommandCompiling a Simple Program Executing the Program Examples of the aCC Command Compiler Command Syntax and Environmental Variables Preprocessed Source Files .i Files Files on the aCC Command LineAssembly Language Source Files .s Files ++ Source File .C file Library Files .a and .so Files Configuration Files .conf FilesEnvironment Variables Object Files .o Files Cclibdir Environment Variable ACCFULLPATHNAMES Environment VariableACCMAXERR Environment Variable Cxxopts Environment Variable ACC -L/mnt/proj/lib file.o ACC file.o Ccrootdir Environment Variable Export CCROOTDIR=/mnt/CXX2.1 Floating InstallationCxxmapfile Environment Variable Tmpdir Environment Variable HP aC++ Setting up Floating Installation Command-Line Options ILP32 Data Model and LP64 Data Model Options to Control Code GenerationACC -c sub.C prog.C ACC +DO11.22 +O3 app.C Compiling in Networked Environments Using +DS to Specify Instruction Scheduling Data Alignment and Storage ACC -S prog.CSize and Alignment of HP Compiler Data Types ACC +u1 app.C Debugging OptionsFshort-enums +expandtypesindiag +macrodebug When to use -g, -g0, and -g1Differences Between -g, -g0, and -g1 Options G1 Algorithm Local +noobjdebug+pathtrace +pathtrace=kind ACC +p file.C Error HandlingNone +pathtrace=globallocal +wn +Wargs+Wcontextlimit +Wv +wperfadvice+We +Weargs +noeh Exception HandlingExtensions to the Language +wsecurity +Onofenvaccess Floating-Point Processing Options+Onocxlimitedrange +decfp FpevalFpevaldec Nofpwidetypes +Onopreservedfpregs +FPmode+Onolibmerrno +Oprefetchlatency Header File Options ACC -I include file.C Idirs -I- -Idirs +help Online Help Option +inlinelevel num Inlining Options Lname Library OptionsDynamic Exec +Onolibcalls= Linker OptionsMinshared +nostl +Onodynopt UsymbolUsymbol +Onodynopt +ildrelink Options for Naming the Output FileNative Language Support Option +ild ACC -z file.C Handling Null Pointers OptionsCode Optimizing Options Basic Optimization Level Options +O3 +O0+O1 +O2 +O4 Additional Optimization Options for Finer Control+O4 ACC +O3 prog.C Ipo +nonrv+Onofailsafe +Onoptrstoglobals=list Advanced +Ooptimization Options+Onoaggressive +Onolimit +Onofltacc +Onocrossregionaddressing+Onodatalayout +Onodataprefetch +Onoinitcheck +Ofrequentlycalled +Onoinline +Olit+Ointegeroverflow +Onoopenmp +Olevel+Onolooptransform +Onoloopunroll +Onoprocelim +opts+Onoparminit +Onoparmsoverlap +Orarelycalled +Onosignedpointers+Oshortdata +Ounrollfactor +OtypesafetyProfile-Based Optimization Options +Onostoreordering Annotate=structs Parallel Processing OptionsInformation Embedding Options Displaying Optimization Information Required if -DPOSIXCSOURCEis used Option Matrix for -mt +tls=staticdynamic +Onoautopar +Ofast Performance Options+wlock Fast +DSmodel +Ofaster+Onotlscallschangetp +nosrcpos +uc Porting Options+sb +ub This warning can be suppressed by adding an extra cast +w64bit+wdriver +wendian Preprocessor Options DnameRedirecting Output From This Option Examples Maked+Maked +maked Profiling Code Options Uname+profilebucketsize +check=none Runtime Checking Options+check +check=all Compiling with +check=boundspointer +check=boundsarray +check=boundspointer Check off by any number out-of-bounds access Check off by one out-of-bounds access +check=lock +check=globals +check=malloc +check=thread +check=stackframevariablesnone +check=truncateimplicit +check=truncateexplicitimplicit+check=uninit Ch = intval & 0xff +check=truncateexplicit Standards Related Options AarmAarm Agcc AC89AC99 Ag++ AOa and -AOe +legacycpp+legacyv5 +stl=rwnone +std=c89c99c++98c++11gccg++gnu +tru64 +tru64Wc,-ansiforscope,onoff Wc,-koeniglookup,onoff Tx,name Subprocesses of the CompilerTx,name More Examples of -t Wx,args Passing Options to the Linker with -W Symbol Binding OptionsBdefault Bextern Bprotecteddata BhiddenBhiddendef Bprotected Template Options +instincludesuffixes Trigraph Processing Suppression Option Verbose Compile and Link Information Process Compiler 94/u 65/s 35/r 37/u 76/s 02/r Concatenating Options ACC -V app.CACC myfile.C -v -g1 ACC myfile.C -vg1 ACC -vg1 myfile.C Initialization and Termination Pragmas Pragma Directives and Attributes Copyright Notice and Identification Pragmas #pragma align N Data Alignment Pragmas#pragma Versionid string #pragma Versionid Software Product, Version 12345.A.01.05 Data Alignment Pragmas Template Example Basic Example Handling Unaligned Data Implicit Access to Unaligned Data Interaction between pack and unalign pragmas is as follows #pragma unalign Typedef T1 T2 Floattrapson Pragma Optimization PragmasOptlevel Pragma Optimize Pragma Noinline Pragma Other Pragmas Diagnostic Pragmas Extern Pragma Defaultbinding PragmaBinding Pragma Estimatedfrequency Pragma Hpdefinedinternal Pragma Hdrstop PragmaHidden Pragma Hpdefinedexternal Pragma Ptrsstronglytyped Pragma POP PragmaPragma once Protected Pragma Stdc Fpcontract Pragma #pragma Stdc FLOATCONSTDECIMAL64 on OFF DefaultStdc Cxlimitedrange Pragma Stdc FLOATCONSTDECIMAL64 Pragma Stdc Fenvaccess Pragma Unrollfactor PragmaOMP Atomic Pragma OMP Flush Pragma OMP Barrier PragmaOMP Critical Pragma OMP for Pragma OMP Parallel for Pragma OMP Master PragmaOMP Ordered Pragma OMP Parallel Pragma OMP Task Pragma OMP Parallel Sections PragmaOMP Sections Pragma OMP Single Pragma OpenMP Clauses Copyin DefaultCopyprivate Shared Attributes Attribute noreturn Attribute nonexposingAttribute noreturn Attribute nonexposing Attribute format Attribute visibilityAttribute warnunusedresult Usage Guidelines Preprocessing DirectivesOverview of the Preprocessor Syntax Assertions #assert, #unassert Source File Inclusion #include, #includenextSyntax Description Macros with Parameters Macro Replacement #define, #undef#define mac very very long\ Replacement string Examples Following illustrates the ## operator Specifying String Literals with the # OperatorConcatenating Tokens with the ## Operator Example #define Arraysize 1000float xARRAYSIZE Using Macros to Define ConstantsOther Macros Var1 is Using Constants and Inline Functions Instead of Macros Predefined Macros Assertions #assert, #unassert Conditional Compilation #if, #ifdef, .. #endif HP aC++ predefines the following predicatesCode that compiles if the expression evaluates to zero Using the #else Directive Using the defined OperatorUsing the #if Directive Using the #ifdef and #ifndef Directives Line Control #line Example#line 5 myfile See page 96 for more information on pragmas This macro enables the following non-standard featuresIostream Performance Improvement Pragma Pragma Directive #pragma and Pragma Operator Line below contains the trigraph sequence ??= Error Directive #errorTrigraph Sequences Examples ??=line 5 myfile When this line is compiled it becomes Template Processing Using HP aC++ TemplatesInvoking Compile-Time Instantiation Scope and Precedence Template class Tablechar Explicit InstantiationUsage Performance ACC -c +instcompiletime a.C ACC -c a.C Command-Line Option InstantiationCompile-Time Instantiation Function Template Scope Why Use Compile-Time InstantiationPossible Duplicate Symbols in Shared Libraries Possible Duplicate Symbols in Archive Libraries Building an Archive Library with Compile-time Instantiation ++ Template TutorialClass Templates Building an Archive Library with +instauto/+instclose Function Templates HP aC++ Keywords Standardizing Your CodeHP aC++ Keywords Bool Keyword Dynamiccast Keyword Compile time error message is Above generates a compile-time error Explicit Keyword Classic example of this problem is an array class Mutable Keyword Connections Across Translation Units Namespace and using Keywords Int Using- declarations and using- directivesUsing Nx // Where N is a namespace, x is a name in N An Auxiliary Translation UnitPage Class Base Virtual void f Must have a virtual function to Volatile Keyword Wchart Keyword Template KeywordTypename Keyword Overloading new and delete for Arrays Use it as the name of the template C belowDeclare a class as a member of the class template C2 below Example Rangeerror Standard Exception ClassesInvalidargument Exceptions Thrown by the Standard C++ Library Typeinfo ClassFollowing exceptions are thrown by the Standard C++ Library Int before const typeinfo& const Unsupported Functionality Memfun1reft Memfunreft Iostream Level 1 Optimization Setting Basic Optimization LevelsOptimizing HP aC++ Programs Requesting Optimization Enabling Aggressive Optimizations Additional Options for Finer ControlLevel 3 Optimization Level 4 Optimization Limiting the Size of Optimized Code Removing Compilation Time Limits When OptimizingProfile-Based Optimization Enabling Only Conservative Optimizations Sample.exe input.file1 Sample.exe input.file2 InstrumentationCollecting Data for Profiling Maintaining Profile Data Files See Optimization Pragmas page 103 for more information Pragmas That Control OptimizationPerforming Profile-Based Optimization ACC -o sample.exe +Oprofile=use +O3 sample.C Exception Handling in C++ Exception Handling Function Try Block Examples Basic Exception Handling Example Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library Using ThreadsUsing Locks Debugging Exception Handling Performance Considerations LpthreadThis option applies only to kernel threads Required Command-line OptionsRogue Wave Standard C++ Library Rogue Wave Standard C++ Library 1.2.1 and Tools.h++ Cout endl Using -DTHREADSAFE with the cfront Compatible libstreamUsing -DHPACCTHREADSAFERBTREE Limitations Pthreads Posix Threads Exception HandlingACC -mt prog.c Parallel Programming Using OpenMP Function ScopingOpenMP Implementation OpenMP Header File OpenMP LibraryOpenMP APIs are defined in the library libomp Where, kind is either of of static, dynamic, or guided +Onoopenmp Command Line OptionEnvironment Variables in OpenMP Openmp Macro Export OMPNESTED=value Setenv Ompnested value Runtime Library Functions in OpenMPExecution Environment Functions Export OMPDYNAMIC=value Setenv Ompdynamic value Ompgetthreadnum OmpsetnumthreadsOmpgetnumthreads Ompgetmaxthreads Ompsetnested Lock FunctionsOmpsetdynamic Ompgetdynamic Ompunsetlock and ompunsetnestlock Ompinitlock and ompinitnestlockOmpdestroylock and ompdestroynestlock Ompsetlock and ompsetnestlock Ompgetwtick Timing FunctionsOmptestlock and omptestnestlock Functions Ompgetwtime Locale directive for lex HP Specific Features of lex and yaccCreating and Using Libraries Tools and Libraries Introduction Introduction to Using the Standard C++ LibraryHP aC++ Libraries Standard C++ Library Non-Object-Oriented Design of the Standard C++ Library Differences between Standard C++ Library and Other Libraries Incompatibilities Between the Library and the Standard Standard C++ Library Reference IOStream Library ACC -DHPACCUSINGMULTIPLIESINFUNCTIONAL test.cTools.h++ Library HP aC++ Runtime Support Library Specifying Other Libraries Creating and Using Shared LibrariesLinking to C++ Libraries Linking with Shared or Archive Libraries Linking Archive or Shared Libraries Using a Shared LibraryExample of Creating and Using a Shared Library Creating a Shared Library Advanced Shared Library Features Forcing the Export of Symbols in mainUpdating a Shared Library Linker Options to Manage Shared Libraries Binding TimesSide Effects of C++ Shared Libraries Routines and Options to Manage C++ Shared Libraries Allocation Policies for Containers Standard HP-UX Libraries and Header Files For a string type For -AA Standard Library HP aC++ Executable Files HP aC++ File Locations HP aC++ Runtime Libraries and Header Files Usr/lib/hpux##/libCsup.soUsr/lib/hpux##/libCsup11.so ISO C++11 standard compliant Mixing C++ with Other Languages Calling Other LanguagesData Compatibility between C and C++ Examples of extern C Using the extern C Linkage SpecificationHP aC++ Calling HP C Syntax of extern C Differences in Argument Passing Conventions Main FunctionExamples HP aC++ Calling HP C HP C Calling HP aC++ Running the ExampleEnter the nameJoann Joann has a balance Compiling and Running the Sample Programs To compile the example, run the following commands Example of Reference Variables as Arguments Using Reference Variables to Pass ArgumentsCalling HP Fortran 90 from HP aC++ Function Naming Conventions Files in Fortran Using extern C LinkageStrings Arrays Applications that use HP aC++ Shared Libraries Distributing Your C++ Products Installing your Application Linking Your HP aC++ Libraries with Other LanguagesHP aC++ Files You May Distribute Terms for Distribution of HP aC++ Files CC +p cfrontfile.C Migrating from HP C++ cfront to HP aC++General Guidelines for Migration Getting Started with Migration Explicit Loading and Unloading of Shared Libraries Command-Line DifferencesNew Command-Line Options Writing Code for both Compilers Describes obsolete command-line options for HP aC++ Obsolete Command-Line Options Ptv Changed Command-Line Options See Debugging Options page 35 for complete information Migration Considerations when DebuggingMigration Considerations when Using Exception Handling Exception Handling is the Default Memory Allocation Failure and operator new Possible Differences when Exiting a Signal Handler Calling unexpected Differences in setjmp/longjmp Behavior Throwing an Object having an Ambiguous Base Class Unreachable catch Clauses Standards Based Libraries Migration Considerations when Using Libraries Man 3s filebuf HP C++ cfront Compatibility LibrariesFstream3C++ iostream and streambuf specialized to files Manip3C++ iostream manipulators Replace #include with complex Migration Considerations Related to PreprocessingHP C++ cfront Complex Library Not Supported HP C++ cfront Task Library Not Supported Implicit Typing of Character String Literals Migration Considerations Related to StandardizationObsolete Preprocessor Options Changes in C++ Semantics Execution Order of Static Constructors in Shared Libraries Overload Resolution Ambiguity of Subscripting Operator Changes in C++ Syntax More Frequent Inlining of Inline CodeExplicit int Declaration WC,-ansiforscope,on For Statement, New Scoping RulesStruct as Template Type Parameter is Permitted Equivalent, valid HP aC++ code follows Overload not a Keyword This code compiles without error with HP aC++Base Template Class Reference Syntax Change Tokens after #endif Dangling Comma in enum Static Member Definition RequiredDeclaring friend Classes Ambiguous Function or Object Declaration Using in Class DefinitionsIncorrect Syntax for Calls to operator new Duplicate Formal Argument Names Reference Initialization Overloaded Operations ++ Parentheses in Static Member Initialization List Using operator new to Allocate ArraysOn HP aC++, the following error is generated Compiling this code HP aC++ generates the following error Non-constant Reference Initialization Qualified-id Required in Static Member Initialization List CA a Migration Considerations when Using TemplatesVerbose Template Processing Information Digraph White Space Separators Converting Directed Mode to Explicit Instantiation Common Template Migration Syntax ChangesCfront Implicit Include Convention Documentation feedback Diagnostic Messages AC++ Message CatalogFrequently Encountered Messages Aggressive Glossary International Standard defines only synchronous exceptions See template Glossary Index Symbols Crootdir FLOATTRAPSON, 103 FREQUENTLYCALLED, 106 HDRSTOP, 107 Hidden Index