Main
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              CONTENTS
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              Preface
Audience                
Purpose
              Conventions
              Related Publications
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              Overview
Features                
Ease of Use and Ease of Deployment
Performance              
Manageability
              Redundancy
              VLAN Support
Security              
Quality of Service and Class of Service
Monitoring              
Management Options
Management Interface Options                
1-7
              Network Configuration Examples
Figure 1-1, Figure 1-2, and Figure 1-3 show three different network configurations.                
1-8
              Where to Go Next
Before configuring the switch, review these sections for start-up information:              
Using the Command-Line Interface
Cisco IOS Command Modes            
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              Getting Help
              Abbreviating Commands
Using no and default Forms of Commands              
Understanding CLI Messages
Using Command History                
Changing the Command History Buffer Size
Recalling Commands                
Disabling the Command History Feature
              Using Editing Features
Enabling and Disabling Editing Features              
Editing Commands through Keystrokes
              Editing Command Lines that Wrap
              Searching and Filtering Output of show and more Commands
Accessing the CLI            
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              Assigning the Switch IP Address and Default  Gateway
Understanding the Boot Process              
Assigning Switch Information
Default Switch Information              
Manually Assigning IP Information
              Checking and Saving the Running Configuration
              3-5
              Modifying the Startup Configuration
              Default Boot Configuration
Specifying the Filename to Read and Write the System Configuration              
Booting a Specific Software Image
Controlling Environment Variables            
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              Scheduling a Reload of the Software Image
Configuring a Scheduled Reload              
Displaying Scheduled Reload Information
              Administering the Switch
Managing the System Time and Date                
Understanding the System Clock 
              Understanding Network Time Protocol
              Configuring NTP
              Default NTP Configuration
Configuring NTP Authentication              
Configuring NTP Associations
              Configuring NTP Broadcast Service
              Configuring NTP Access Restrictions
              Creating an Access Group and Assigning a Basic IP Access List
Disabling NTP Services on a Specific Interface               
Configuring the Source IP Address for NTP Packets
Displaying the NTP Configuration              
Configuring Time and Date Manually
Setting the System Clock              
Displaying the Time and Date Configuration
Configuring the Time Zone               
Configuring Summer Time (Daylight Saving Time)
              Configuring a System Name and Prompt
              Default System Name and Prompt Configuration
Configuring a System Name                
Understanding DNS
              Default DNS Configuration
Setting Up DNS                
Displaying the DNS Configuration
              Creating a Banner
Default Banner Configuration                
Configuring a Message-of-the-Day Login Banner
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Configuring a Login Banner              
Managing the MAC Address Table
              Building the Address Table
MAC Addresses and VLANs              
Default MAC Address Table Configuration
Changing the Address Aging Time                
Removing Dynamic Address Entries
              Configuring MAC Address Notification Traps
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              Adding and Removing Static Address Entries
Displaying Address Table Entries              
Managing the ARP Table
              Configuring Switch-Based Authentication
Preventing Unauthorized Access to Your Switch              
Protecting Access to Privileged EXEC Commands
Default Password and Privilege Level Configuration              
Setting or Changing a Static Enable Password
              Protecting Enable and Enable Secret Passwords with Encryption
              Setting a Telnet Password for a Terminal Line
              Configuring Username and Password Pairs
Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels              
Setting the Privilege Level for a Command
              Changing the Default Privilege Level for Lines
Logging into and Exiting a Privilege Level              
Controlling Switch Access with TACACS+ 
Understanding TACACS+            
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              TACACS+ Operation
Configuring TACACS+              
Default TACACS+ Configuration
Identifying the TACACS+ Server Host and Setting the Authentication Key              
Configuring TACACS+ Login Authentication
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              Configuring TACACS+ Authorization for Privileged EXEC Access and Network Services
Starting TACACS+ Accounting                
Displaying the TACACS+ Configuration
              Controlling Switch Access with RADIUS 
              Understanding RADIUS
              RADIUS Operation
              Configuring RADIUS
Default RADIUS Configuration                
Identifying the RADIUS Server Host 
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              Configuring RADIUS Login Authentication
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              Defining AAA Server Groups
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              Configuring RADIUS Authorization for User Privileged Access and Network Services
              Starting RADIUS Accounting
              Configuring Settings for All RADIUS Servers
Configuring the Switch to Use Vendor-Specific RADIUS Attributes              
Configuring the Switch for Vendor-Proprietary RADIUS Server Communication
              Displaying the RADIUS Configuration
              Configuring the Switch for Local Authentication and  Authorization
              Configuring the Switch for Secure Shell
Understanding SSH                 
SSH Servers, Integrated Clients, and Supported Versions
Limitations               
Configuring SSH
Configuration Guidelines              
Cryptographic Software Image Guidelines
Setting Up the Switch to Run SSH              
Configuring the SSH Server
              Displaying the SSH Configuration and Status
              Configuring IEEE 802.1x Port-Based  Authentication
Understanding IEEE 802.1x Port-Based Authentication              
Device Roles
              Authentication Initiation and Message Exchange
              Ports in Authorized and Unauthorized States
              IEEE 802.1x Accounting
IEEE 802.1x Accounting Attribute-Value Pairs              
IEEE 802.1x Host Mode
              Using IEEE 802.1x with Port Security
              Using IEEE 802.1x with Voice VLAN Ports
Using IEEE 802.1x with VLAN Assignment              
Using IEEE 802.1x with Guest VLAN
              Using IEEE 802.1x with Wake-on-LAN
Unidirectional State                
Bidirectional State
              Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication
Default IEEE 802.1x Configuration              
IEEE 802.1x Configuration Guidelines
              Enabling IEEE 802.1x Authentication
              Configuring the Switch-to-RADIUS-Server Communication
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              Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication Using a RADIUS Server
Enabling Periodic Re-Authentication              
Manually Re-Authenticating a Client Connected to a Port
Changing the Quiet Period              
Changing the Switch-to-Client Retransmission Time
              Setting the Switch-to-Client Frame-Retransmission Number
              Configuring the Host Mode
Configuring a Guest VLAN            
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              Resetting the IEEE 802.1x Configuration to the Default Values
Configuring IEEE 802.1x Authentication            
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              Configuring IEEE 802.1x Accounting
              Displaying IEEE 802.1x Statistics and Status
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              Configuring Interface Characteristics
Understanding Interface Types              
Access Ports
Trunk Ports              
Port-Based VLANs
EtherChannel Port Groups                
Connecting Interfaces
              Using the Interface Command
              Procedures for Configuring Interfaces
              Configuring a Range of Interfaces
              Configuring and Using Interface-Range Macros
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              Configuring Ethernet Interfaces
Default Ethernet Interface Configuration              
Configuring Interface Speed and Duplex Mode 
              Configuration Guidelines
Setting the Interface Speed and Duplex Parameters              
Adding a Description for an Interface 
              Monitoring and Maintaining the Interfaces
Monitoring Interface and Controller Status             
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              Clearing and Resetting Interfaces and Counters
Shutting Down and Restarting the Interface            
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              Configuring Smartports Macros
Understanding Smartports Macros              
Configuring Smartports Macros
Default Smartports Macro Configuration                
Smartports Macro Configuration Guidelines
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              Creating Smartports Macros
              Applying Smartports Macros
              Applying Cisco-Default Smartports Macros
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              Displaying Smartports Macros
              Configuring STP
Understanding Spanning-Tree Features              
STP Overview
              Spanning-Tree Topology and BPDUs
              Bridge ID, Switch Priority, and Extended System ID
Spanning-Tree Interface States              
Blocking State
              Listening State
Learning State                
Forwarding State
Disabled State              
How a Switch or Port Becomes the Root Switch or Root Port
              Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity
Spanning-Tree Address Management                
Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity
              Spanning-Tree Modes and Protocols
Supported Spanning-Tree Instances              
Spanning-Tree Interoperability and Backward Compatibility
STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks                
Spanning Tree Considerations for Cisco Systems Intelligent Gigabit Ethernet  Switch Modules 
              Configuring Spanning-Tree Features
              Default Spanning-Tree Configuration
Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines              
Changing the Spanning-Tree Mode
              Disabling Spanning Tree
              Configuring the Root Switch
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              Configuring a Secondary Root Switch
Configuring the Port Priority            
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              Configuring the Path Cost
              Configuring the Switch Priority of a VLAN
              Configuring Spanning-Tree Timers
Configuring the Hello Time              
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time for a VLAN
Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time for a VLAN              
Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status
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              Configuring MSTP
              Understanding MSTP
Multiple Spanning-Tree Regions                
IST, CIST, and CST
              Operations Within an MST Region
              Hop Count
Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP              
Understanding RSTP
Port Roles and the Active Topology              
Rapid Convergence
              Synchronization of Port Roles
              Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing
Processing Superior BPDU Information                
Processing Inferior BPDU Information
              Topology Changes
              Configuring MSTP Features
              Default MSTP Configuration
MSTP Configuration Guidelines              
Specifying the MST Region Configuration and Enabling MSTP
              Configuring the Root Switch
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              Configuring a Secondary Root Switch
Configuring the Port Priority            
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              Configuring the Path Cost
              Configuring the Switch Priority
Configuring the Hello Time              
Configuring the Forwarding-Delay Time
              Configuring the Maximum-Aging Time
Configuring the Maximum-Hop Count              
Specifying the Link Type to Ensure Rapid Transitions
Restarting the Protocol Migration Process              
Displaying the MST Configuration and Status
              Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features
Understanding Optional Spanning-Tree Features              
Understanding Port Fast
              Understanding BPDU Guard
Understanding BPDU Filtering              
Understanding UplinkFast
              Understanding BackboneFast
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              Understanding EtherChannel Guard
Understanding Root Guard                
Understanding Loop Guard
              Configuring Optional Spanning-Tree Features
              Default Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration
Optional Spanning-Tree Configuration Guidelines                
Enabling Port Fast
              Enabling BPDU Guard
              Enabling BPDU Filtering
              Enabling UplinkFast for Use with Redundant Links
              Enabling BackboneFast
              Enabling EtherChannel Guard
Enabling Root Guard              
Enabling Loop Guard
              Displaying the Spanning-Tree Status
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              Configuring VLANs
Understanding VLANs              
Supported VLANs
              VLAN Port Membership Modes
              Configuring Normal-Range VLANs
              Token Ring VLANs
Normal-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines               
VLAN Configuration Mode Options
VLAN Configuration in config-vlan Mode                
VLAN Configuration in VLAN Configuration Mode
              Saving VLAN Configuration
Default Ethernet VLAN Configuration              
Creating or Modifying an Ethernet VLAN
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              Deleting a VLAN
Assigning Static-Access Ports to a VLAN              
Configuring Extended-Range VLANs
              Default VLAN Configuration
Extended-Range VLAN Configuration Guidelines                
Creating an Extended-Range VLAN
              Displaying VLANs
              Configuring VLAN Trunks
Trunking Overview            
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              IEEE 802.1Q Configuration Considerations
              Default Layer 2 Ethernet Interface VLAN Configuration
Configuring an Ethernet Interface as a Trunk Port              
Interaction with Other Features
Configuring a Trunk Port              
Defining the Allowed VLANs on a Trunk
              Changing the Pruning-Eligible List
              Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic
              Load Sharing Using STP
Load Sharing Using STP Port Priorities            
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              Load Sharing Using STP Path Cost
              Configuring VMPS
              Understanding VMPS
Dynamic Port VLAN Membership                
VMPS Database Configuration File
              Default VMPS Client Configuration
VMPS Configuration Guidelines              
Configuring the VMPS Client
Entering the IP Address of the VMPS                
Configuring Dynamic Access Ports on VMPS Clients
              Reconfirming VLAN Memberships
Changing the Reconfirmation Interval                
Changing the Retry Count
              Monitoring the VMPS
              Troubleshooting Dynamic Port VLAN Membership
VMPS Configuration Example              
12-32
              Configuring VTP
Understanding VTP              
The VTP Domain 
              VTP Modes
VTP Advertisements              
VTP Version 2
VTP Pruning            
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              Configuring VTP 
Default VTP Configuration              
VTP Configuration Options
VTP Configuration in Global Configuration Mode                
VTP Configuration in VLAN Configuration Mode
              VTP Configuration Guidelines
Domain Names                
Passwords
VTP Version                
Configuration Requirements
              Configuring a VTP Server
              Configuring a VTP Client
              Disabling VTP (VTP Transparent Mode)
              Enabling VTP Version 2
              Enabling VTP Pruning
              Adding a VTP Client Switch to a VTP Domain
              Monitoring VTP
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              Configuring IGMP Snooping and MVR
              Understanding IGMP Snooping
IGMP Versions              
Joining a Multicast Group
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              Leaving a Multicast Group
              Immediate-Leave Processing
IGMP Configurable-Leave Timer                 
IGMP Report Suppression
Source-Only Networks              
Configuring IGMP Snooping
              Default IGMP Snooping Configuration
Enabling or Disabling IGMP Snooping              
Setting the Snooping Method
              Configuring a Multicast Router Port
Configuring a Host Statically to Join a Group              
Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave Processing
              Configuring the IGMP Leave Timer
Disabling IGMP Report Suppression              
Disabling IP Multicast-Source-Only Learning
Configuring the Aging Time              
Displaying IGMP Snooping Information
              Understanding Multicast VLAN Registration
              Using MVR in a Multicast Television Application
              Configuring MVR
              Default MVR Configuration
MVR Configuration Guidelines and Limitations                
Configuring MVR Global Parameters
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              Configuring MVR Interfaces
              Displaying MVR Information
Configuring IGMP Filtering and Throttling              
Default IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration
              Configuring IGMP Profiles
              Applying IGMP Profiles
              Setting the Maximum Number of IGMP Groups
Configuring the IGMP Throttling Action            
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              Displaying IGMP Filtering and Throttling Configuration
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              Configuring Port-Based Traffic Control
Configuring Storm Control                
Understanding Storm Control
              Default Storm Control Configuration
Configuring Storm Control and Threshold Levels              
Configuring Protected Ports
              Configuring Port Security
Understanding Port Security              
Secure MAC Addresses
Security Violations              
Default Port Security Configuration
Port Security Configuration Guidelines              
Enabling and Configuring Port Security
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              Enabling and Configuring Port Security Aging
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              Displaying Port-Based Traffic Control Settings
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              Configuring UDLD
Understanding UDLD                
Modes of Operation
              Methods to Detect Unidirectional Links
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              Configuring UDLD
Default UDLD Configuration              
Enabling UDLD Globally
              Enabling UDLD on an Interface
Resetting an Interface Shut Down by UDLD              
Displaying UDLD Status
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              Configuring CDP
Understanding CDP              
Configuring CDP
Default CDP Configuration                
Configuring the CDP Characteristics
              Disabling and Enabling CDP
              Disabling and Enabling CDP on an Interface
              Monitoring and Maintaining CDP
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              Configuring SPAN and RSPAN
Understanding SPAN and RSPAN            
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              SPAN and RSPAN Concepts and Terminology
SPAN Session                
Traffic Types
              Source Port 
Destination Port              
Reflector Port
SPAN Traffic              
SPAN and RSPAN Interaction with Other Features
SPAN and RSPAN Session Limits                
Default SPAN and RSPAN Configuration
              Configuring SPAN
SPAN Configuration Guidelines              
Creating a SPAN Session and Specifying Ports to Monitor
              Creating a SPAN Session and Enabling Ingress Traffic
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              Removing Ports from a SPAN Session
              Configuring RSPAN
RSPAN Configuration Guidelines              
Configuring a VLAN as an RSPAN VLAN
              Creating an RSPAN Source Session
              Creating an RSPAN Destination Session
              Removing Ports from an RSPAN Session
18-17              
Displaying SPAN and RSPAN Status
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              Configuring RMON
Understanding RMON              
Configuring RMON
              Default RMON Configuration
Configuring RMON Alarms and Events            
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              Configuring RMON Collection on an Interface
              Displaying RMON Status
              Configuring System Message Logging
Understanding System Message Logging              
Configuring System Message Logging
System Log Message Format              
Default System Message Logging Configuration
              Disabling and Enabling Message Logging
Setting the Message Display Destination Device            
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              Synchronizing Log Messages
              Enabling and Disabling Timestamps on Log Messages
              Enabling and Disabling Sequence Numbers in Log Messages
Defining the Message Severity Level            
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              Limiting Syslog Messages Sent to the History Table and to SNMP
Configuring UNIX Syslog Servers              
Logging Messages to a UNIX Syslog Daemon
Configuring the UNIX System Logging Facility              
Displaying the Logging Configuration
              Configuring SNMP
Understanding SNMP              
SNMP Versions
              SNMP Manager Functions
SNMP Agent Functions              
SNMP Community Strings
Using SNMP to Access MIB Variables                 
SNMP Notifications
              Configuring SNMP
Default SNMP Configuration              
SNMP Configuration Guidelines
Disabling the SNMP Agent              
Configuring Community Strings
              Configuring SNMP Groups and Users
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              Configuring SNMP Notifications
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              Setting the Agent Contact and Location Information
Limiting TFTP Servers Used Through SNMP              
SNMP Examples
              Displaying SNMP Status
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              Configuring Network Security with ACLs
              Understanding ACLs
              Handling Fragmented and Unfragmented Traffic
              Understanding Access Control Parameters
              Guidelines for Applying ACLs to Physical Interfaces
              Configuring ACLs
Unsupported Features              
Creating Standard and Extended IP ACLs
ACL Numbers              
Creating a Numbered Standard ACL
              Creating a Numbered Extended ACL
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              Creating Named Standard and Extended ACLs
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              Applying Time Ranges to ACLs
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              Including Comments About Entries in ACLs
              Creating Named MAC Extended ACLs
Creating MAC Access Groups              
Applying ACLs to Terminal Lines or Physical Interfaces
              Applying ACLs to a Terminal Line
Applying ACLs to a Physical Interface              
Displaying ACL Information
Displaying ACLs              
Displaying Access Groups
              Examples for Compiling ACLs
              Numbered ACL Examples
Extended ACL Examples                
Named ACL Example
Commented IP ACL Entry Examples            
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              Configuring QoS
              Understanding QoS
              Basic QoS Model
              Classification
              Classification Based on QoS ACLs 
Classification Based on Class Maps and Policy Maps              
Policing and Marking
              Mapping Tables
Queueing and Scheduling                
How Class of Service Works
Port Priority              
Port Scheduling
Egress CoS Queues              
Configuring Auto-QoS
Generated Auto-QoS Configuration            
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              Effects of Auto-QoS on the Configuration
              Enabling Auto-QoS for VoIP
              Displaying Auto-QoS Information
              Auto-QoS Configuration Example
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              Configuring Standard QoS
Default Standard QoS Configuration              
Configuring Classification Using Port Trust States
              Configuring the Trust State on Ports within the QoS Domain
              Configuring the CoS Value for an Interface
              Configuring Trusted Boundary
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              Enabling Pass-Through Mode 
              Configuring a QoS Policy
Classifying Traffic by Using ACLs            
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              Classifying Traffic by Using Class Maps
              Classifying, Policing, and Marking Traffic by Using Policy Maps 
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              Configuring CoS Maps
              Configuring the CoS-to-DSCP Map
              Configuring the DSCP-to-CoS Map
              Configuring the Egress Queues
Configuring CoS Priority Queues              
Configuring WRR Priority
Enabling the Expedite Queue and Configuring WRR Priority              
Displaying Standard QoS Information
Standard QoS Configuration Examples              
QoS Configuration for the Existing Wiring Closet
              QoS Configuration for the Intelligent Wiring Closet
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              Configuring EtherChannels and Layer 2 Trunk  Failover
Understanding EtherChannels              
Understanding Port-Channel Interfaces
              Understanding the Port Aggregation Protocol and Link Aggregation Protocol
              PAgP and LACP Modes
Exchanging PAgP Packets                
Exchanging LACP Packets
              Physical Learners and Aggregate-Port Learners
PAgP and LACP Interaction with Other Features              
EtherChannel On Mode
Understanding Load Balancing and Forwarding Methods            
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              Configuring EtherChannels
Default EtherChannel Configuration                
EtherChannel Configuration Guidelines
              Configuring Layer 2 EtherChannels
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              Configuring EtherChannel Load Balancing
              Configuring the PAgP Learn Method and Priority
              Configuring the LACP Port Priority
Configuring Hot Standby Ports              
Configuring the LACP System Priority
              Displaying EtherChannel, PAgP, and LACP Status
Understanding Layer 2 Trunk Failover              
Configuring Layer 2 Trunk Failover
Default Layer 2 Trunk Failover Configuration              
Layer 2 Trunk Failover Configuration Guidelines
Configuring Layer 2 Trunk Failover              
Displaying Layer 2 Trunk Failover Status
              Troubleshooting
Using Recovery Procedures                
Recovering from a Software Failure
              Recovering from Lost or Forgotten Passwords
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              Password Recovery with Password Recovery Enabled
              Procedure with Password Recovery Disabled
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              Preventing Autonegotiation Mismatches
SFP Module Security and Identification                
Diagnosing Connectivity Problems
              Using Ping
Understanding Ping                 
Executing Ping
              Using Layer 2 Traceroute
Understanding Layer 2 Traceroute                
Usage Guidelines
              Displaying the Physical Path
              Using Debug Commands
Enabling Debugging on a Specific Feature              
Enabling All-System Diagnostics
Redirecting Debug and Error Message Output                
Using the debug auto qos Command 
              Using the crashinfo File
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              A
Supported MIBs                
MIB List
            Page
              Using FTP to Access the MIB Files
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              B
Working with the Cisco IOS File System,  Configuration Files, and Software Images                
Working with the Flash File System
              Displaying Available File Systems
              Setting the Default File System
Displaying Information about Files on a File System              
Changing Directories and Displaying the Working Directory
Creating and Removing Directories              
Copying Files
              Deleting Files
Creating, Displaying, and Extracting tar Files                
Creating a tar File
              Displaying the Contents of a tar File
Extracting a tar File                
Displaying the Contents of a File
              Working with Configuration Files
              Guidelines for Creating and Using Configuration Files
              Configuration File Types and Location
Creating a Configuration File By Using a Text Editor                
Copying Configuration Files By Using TFTP
Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using TFTP              
Downloading the Configuration File By Using TFTP
Uploading the Configuration File By Using TFTP              
Copying Configuration Files By Using FTP
              Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using FTP
Downloading a Configuration File By Using FTP              
Uploading a Configuration File By Using FTP
              Copying Configuration Files By Using RCP
              Preparing to Download or Upload a Configuration File By Using RCP
              Downloading a Configuration File By Using RCP
              Uploading a Configuration File By Using RCP
Clearing Configuration Information                
Clearing the Startup Configuration File
Deleting a Stored Configuration File              
Working with Software Images
              Image Location on the Switch
tar File Format of Images on a Server or IBM.com              
Copying Image Files By Using TFTP
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using TFTP              
Downloading an Image File By Using TFTP
              Uploading an Image File By Using TFTP
              Copying Image Files By Using FTP
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using FTP              
Downloading an Image File By Using FTP
            Page
              Uploading an Image File By Using FTP
              Copying Image Files By Using RCP
Preparing to Download or Upload an Image File By Using RCP              
Downloading an Image File By Using RCP
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              Uploading an Image File By Using RCP
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              C
Getting Help and Technical Assistance                
Before You Call
              Using the Documentation
Getting Help and Information from the World Wide Web                
Software Service and Support
Hardware Service and Support              
D
Notices              
Edition Notice
Trademarks            
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INDEX                
Numerics
A            
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B                
C
               
D            
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E              
 
F                
G
H              
 
I              
 
J                
L
               
M            
Page
               
N                
O
P            
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Q              
 
R            
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S            
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            Page
               
T            
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U                
V
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W                
X