iECM-86 COMMANDS

5.3PROGRAM CONTROL

Commands that control program execution allow you to reset the processor, set execution break- points, start execution, stop execution, step, and super step. The commands are grouped by their major functions for the sake of discussion.

5.3.1Resetting the Target

The processor can be reset by executing the following iECM-86 command:

RESET CHIP

RES CHIP

This command physically resets the processor by setting the RISM_DATA register to 0XXXX0001 and issuing a MONITOR_ESC RISM command, which causes the target to perform a JMP FFFF:0000H instruction.

RESET SYSTEM

RES SYSTEM

RES

This command resets the entire iECM-86 system, including the target. It operates by bringing the DCD line of the serial port low. This, with appropriate circuitry in the target system, resets the target processor. During this process, the iECM-86 software must wait about one second to allow the main board to complete its initialization routines. The iECM-86 warns of this time delay and then ignores the user until it expires. Any user code in the Flash must be reloaded after this command.

5.3.2Breakpoints

iECM-86 provides sixteen program execution breakpoints. If a given breakpoint is inactive, it is set to zero; if it is active, it is set to the address of the first byte of an instruction. Breakpoints set to addresses that are not the first byte of an instruction cause unpredictable errors in the execution of the user’s code. When execution is started, iECM-86 saves the user code byte at any active breakpoint and substitutes an INT3 instruction for that byte. Executing an INT3 instruction causes the iECM-86 to restore the user code bytes where the INT instructions were substituted and then decrement the user’s program counter so that it points to the original instruction. The user’s program appears to stop execution immediately before executing the instruction with a breakpoint set on it. All INT instructions are removed from the user’s code and the original code is restored.

5-5

5

Page 55
Image 55
Intel 80C186EC, 80L188EC, 80L186EB, 80L186EC, 80C186EB, 80C188EB, 80L188EB Program Control, Resetting the Target, Breakpoints

80L188EB, 80C188EC, 80C188EB, 80L186EB, 80C186EB specifications

The Intel 80L188EC, 80C186EC, 80L186EC, 80C186EB, and 80L186EB microprocessors represent a significant evolution in Intel's 16-bit architecture, serving various applications in embedded systems and computing during the late 1980s and early 1990s. These microprocessors are designed to offer a blend of performance, efficiency, and versatility, making them suitable for a range of environments, including industrial control, telecommunications, and personal computing.

The Intel 80L188EC is a member of the 186 family, notable for its low-power consumption and integrated support for a range of peripheral devices. It operates at clock speeds of up to 10 MHz and features a 16-bit architecture, providing a balance of processing power and energy efficiency. The 80C186EC, on the other hand, is a more advanced version, offering enhanced performance metrics with faster clock speeds and improved processing capabilities, making it ideal for applications that require more computational power.

The 80L186EC shares similarities with the 80L188EC but is enhanced further for various low-power applications, especially where battery life is crucial. With a maximum clock speed of 16 MHz, it excels in scenarios demanding energy-efficient processing without sacrificing performance.

In contrast, the 80C186EB and 80L186EB are optimized versions that bring additional features to the table. The 80C186EB operates at higher clock speeds, coupled with an extended instruction set, enabling it to handle more complex tasks and run sophisticated software. These enhancements allow it to serve well in environments that require reliable performance under load, such as data acquisition systems or advanced control systems.

The 80L186EB is tailored for specific low-power scenarios, integrating Intel's sophisticated low-power technologies without compromising on speed. Utilizing advanced process technologies, these chips benefit from reduced heat output and extended operating life, a significant advantage in embedded applications.

Overall, these microprocessors showcase Intel's commitment to innovation in 16-bit processing, marked by their varying capabilities and power profiles tailored to meet the demands of diverse applications, from industrial systems to consumer electronics. Their legacy continues to influence subsequent generations of microprocessor designs, emphasizing performance, energy efficiency, and versatile applications in computing technology. As such, the Intel 80C186 and 80L188 families play a crucial role in understanding the evolution of microprocessor technology.