HARDWARE OVERVIEW

3.3.1Flash (Program Memory)

Flash memory, as configured in the RISM monitor, is mapped to the upper 512 Kbytes of the

1Mbyte 80x186 processor address space. The board includes a single 4 Mbit, 32-pin PSOP Flash device at location U9 with 110 ns access time at 3.3 V and 60 ns access time at 5 V. This memory runs with one wait state at 5 volts/20 MHz and 3.3 volts/16 MHz.

The device data bus can be configured to be either 8 or 16 bits wide (corresponding to the 80x188and the 80x186 processor, respectively). Jumper E5 determines the Flash bus width. When E5 is in the A–B position, the bus is 8 bits wide; when E5 is in the B–C position, the bus is 16 bits wide. The configurable bus width allows access to all 512 Kbytes of Flash memory.

If a user application requires nonvolatile memory for storage, Flash can be erased and written by jumpering E3 for either 5 V or 12 V programming voltage (VPP) and using the proper programming algorithm. The SmartVoltage* Flash device can be programmed using either voltage. The Flash loader utility is located in the Flash boot block (upper 16 Kbytes, FC000h to FFFFFh). Writes to this region are prohibited, regardless of the voltage on VPP, unless the RP# input is at +12 volts or jumper E2 is set to unlock the boot block. Jumper E4 controls the voltage on RP#. When E4 is in the B–C position, the +12 volt supply is connected to RP#. When E4 is in the A–B position, RP# is connected to the board reset signal.

CAUTION: To access boot block memory, E4 must be in the B–C position and Port Pin 1.1 must be programmed to a logic 0 (enabling +12 volts). Accessing the boot block is not recommended, as the Flash loader utility code could be corrupted.

3.3.1.1Setting Up the Board for Flash Downloading

You can use the Flash utility host program, FLASHLDR.EXE, provided in the kit to download your application program to the Flash memory. Upon reset or power-up, the Flash loader reads port pin to determine whether to execute a loaded program, such as RISM, or download new software to Flash memory.

To set up the board for Flash downloading:

1.Power-off the evaluation board and disconnect the serial cable from the PC.

2.Port pin P2.6 on the secondary header (JP2) controls which programs execute at start-up. Connect P2.6 to the +5 volt pin with jumper wire and 10 kΩ resistor. Figure 3-2 illustrates

this connection.

CAUTION: A 10 kΩ resistor is required when jumpering from the P2.6 pin to the 5 volt pin; if this configuration is not used, the processor’s port control hardware could be damaged.

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Intel 80L188EB, 80L188EC, 80L186EB, 80L186EC, 80C186EB, 80C188EB, 80C188EC, 80C186EC user manual Flash Program Memory
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80L188EB, 80C188EC, 80C188EB, 80L186EB, 80C186EB specifications

The Intel 80L188EC, 80C186EC, 80L186EC, 80C186EB, and 80L186EB microprocessors represent a significant evolution in Intel's 16-bit architecture, serving various applications in embedded systems and computing during the late 1980s and early 1990s. These microprocessors are designed to offer a blend of performance, efficiency, and versatility, making them suitable for a range of environments, including industrial control, telecommunications, and personal computing.

The Intel 80L188EC is a member of the 186 family, notable for its low-power consumption and integrated support for a range of peripheral devices. It operates at clock speeds of up to 10 MHz and features a 16-bit architecture, providing a balance of processing power and energy efficiency. The 80C186EC, on the other hand, is a more advanced version, offering enhanced performance metrics with faster clock speeds and improved processing capabilities, making it ideal for applications that require more computational power.

The 80L186EC shares similarities with the 80L188EC but is enhanced further for various low-power applications, especially where battery life is crucial. With a maximum clock speed of 16 MHz, it excels in scenarios demanding energy-efficient processing without sacrificing performance.

In contrast, the 80C186EB and 80L186EB are optimized versions that bring additional features to the table. The 80C186EB operates at higher clock speeds, coupled with an extended instruction set, enabling it to handle more complex tasks and run sophisticated software. These enhancements allow it to serve well in environments that require reliable performance under load, such as data acquisition systems or advanced control systems.

The 80L186EB is tailored for specific low-power scenarios, integrating Intel's sophisticated low-power technologies without compromising on speed. Utilizing advanced process technologies, these chips benefit from reduced heat output and extended operating life, a significant advantage in embedded applications.

Overall, these microprocessors showcase Intel's commitment to innovation in 16-bit processing, marked by their varying capabilities and power profiles tailored to meet the demands of diverse applications, from industrial systems to consumer electronics. Their legacy continues to influence subsequent generations of microprocessor designs, emphasizing performance, energy efficiency, and versatile applications in computing technology. As such, the Intel 80C186 and 80L188 families play a crucial role in understanding the evolution of microprocessor technology.
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