Inspection

The potential life of photographic records depends largely on atmospheric conditions—temperature, humidity, cleanliness—and the manner in which the film is used. If storage conditions are kept within the limits suggested in Table 3, inspection of an adequate number of properly selected lot samples should be made at two-year intervals.12

While extended-term records should definitely be kept under the recommended storage conditions, film records of medium-term value may have more leeway in terms of storage humidity and temperature. Where humidity is not controlled closely, film should be inspected more frequently than at two-year intervals; the intervals between inspection should not initially exceed six months and then, if no deterioration is noted, can be extended but should not exceed one year.

Sometimes film inspection is considered too laborious and costly and is neglected for many years—occasionally with unfortunate results. If it is not always possible to open every film can or rewind every roll at the recommended frequency, select a few rolls at random from the film collection each month for examination. This approach provides some protection at a relatively small cost. If there is any indication that film records are not keeping properly, storage conditions should be improved and other protective treatments given the film. Make copies of films that show signs of deterioration because deterioration, once initiated, is an irreversible process that may be restrained, but not terminated, by improving storage conditions. Therefore, extensive and frequent inspections should be made.

ANSI/AIIM standards and technical reports are available related to the inspection of silver gelatin microforms. An example can be found in American National Standard: “Imaging Materials– Processed Silver-Gelatin Type–Black and White Film–Specifications for Stability.”2

Table 1: Applicable Standards for Microfilm

*LE is for polyester-based

 

Thermally

 

 

**LE is for acetate-based

Silver-Gelatin

Processed Silver

Diazo

Vesicular

 

 

(TPS)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long Term

Long Term

Medium, Long

Medium, Long

 

LE 500*

LE 100*

LE 100*

LE 100*

 

LE 100**

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Safety Film Specifications”

IT9.6/

IT9.6/

IT9.6/

IT9.6/

 

ISO 18906

ISO 18906

ISO 18906

ISO 18906

 

 

 

 

 

“Specifications for Microfilms on

IT9.1/

 

 

 

Polyester Base”

ISO 18901

 

 

 

and

 

 

 

 

“... on Acetate Base”

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Methylene Blue Method ...”

IT9.17/

 

 

 

 

ISO 18917

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Specifications for Thermally

 

IT9.19/

 

 

Processed Silver Microfilms”

 

ISO 18919

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Specifications for Stability of

 

 

IT9.5/

 

Diazo Films ...”

 

 

ISO 18905

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Specifications for Stability of

 

 

 

IT9.12/

Vesicular Films”

 

 

 

ISO 18912

 

 

 

 

 

“Practice for Storage of

IT9.11/

IT9.11/

IT9.11/

IT9.11/

Photographic Film”

ISO 18911

ISO 18911

ISO 18911

ISO 18911

 

 

 

 

 

D-31 June 2002

15

Page 17 Page 19
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Image 18
Kodak D-31 manual Inspection, Applicable Standards for Microfilm
Page 17 Page 19

D-31 specifications

Kodak D-31 is a color negative developer that has garnered attention for its unique set of features tailored to meet the demands of both professionals and enthusiasts in the field of photography. Designed primarily for use with color negative films, Kodak D-31 is known for delivering impressive results in terms of color reproduction, contrast, and image sharpness.

One of the standout characteristics of Kodak D-31 is its flexibility in processing various types of color negative films. This developer can be used for a range of ISO sensitivity ratings, making it versatile for different photographic situations. Whether capturing landscapes, portraits, or street photography, D-31 ensures that the vibrant colors and subtle tones of each scene are accurately represented.

The technology behind Kodak D-31 incorporates a balanced mixture of color-forming agents and stabilizers that contribute to its reliability. The developer uses a carefully controlled chemical composition that ensures consistent performance with minimal grain, which is a critical factor for photographers who demand high-quality prints. The result is images that display fine detail and smooth transitions in color, which can be particularly important in post-processing and printing.

Kodak D-31 is designed for easy use, featuring a simple processing workflow that can be followed even by those new to film development. The Developer can be used with standard tanks and is compatible with both manual and automatic processing equipment. This ease of use makes D-31 an excellent choice for educational settings and home darkrooms, as it allows users to focus more on the art of photography rather than the technicalities of the developing process.

An additional advantage of Kodak D-31 is its ability to deliver consistent results across different batches, which is essential for those looking to maintain a cohesive portfolio. Photographers can rest assured that each roll developed will yield similar results, thanks to the high degree of control in the chemical composition and the assurance of quality that Kodak has provided for decades.

In summary, Kodak D-31 stands out as a reliable, versatile, and high-performance color negative developer that is well-suited for a variety of photographic applications. Its thoughtful formulation offers photographers the ability to capture and reproduce color with precision, making it a preferred choice for both hobbyists and seasoned professionals alike. With its blend of technology and ease of use, D-31 continues to be a valuable tool for anyone looking to explore the rich world of color film photography.
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