Time-Capsule Storage

Only silver-gelatin films conforming to ANSI/PIMA IT9.1-19982or ISO 18901-1999 should be used for time capsules or sealed in cornerstones of buildings. Film intended for this kind of storage should be conditioned to a low relative humidity (20-30% is recommended for acetate-base films) in a conditioning room or chamber. During conditioning, air should be circulated against both roll surfaces. Conditioning times should be at least two weeks for 16 mm film and four weeks for 35 mm film. This conforms to ANSI/PIMA IT9.11- 1998 and ISO 18911-1999.5

During conditioning, the film should be in the form intended for final storage (wound on itself or a glass rod, not on a conventional core or reel) because the possibility of rapid moisture change makes it inadvisable to rewind the film after conditioning. The capsule should be loaded in the conditioning chamber, if possible; if not, the film should be transferred immediately to the capsule and sealed tightly.

The capsule should be a stainless steel cylinder gasketed cover. When there is more than one roll of film, it is a good idea to separate rolls with stainless steel disks of the same inside diameter as that of the capsule. Cores, reels, or wrapping of any kind should not be included; only the film itself should be put into the capsule.

Handling and Filing

Film Records

Well-planned filing systems and proper handling of film records are important in the storage of records. The custodian should set up safeguards against loss or misplacement of valuable records and also make sure that the methods of filing and handling do not add unnecessary wear to the records. When films must be used, duplicates should be made and originals retained in storage.

Interfiling

Microfilm may be subject to interactions when stored with films of different generic types (e.g., diazo and silver-gelatin). Do not wind different generic film types on the same roll or store them in the same container. Diazo and silver-gelatin microfilms should be stored separately before and after processing. Diazonium salt gases emitted from Diazo microfilm (pre- and post-process) can be detrimental to silver-gelatin microfilm.

Continual handling of film, even under favorable conditions, causes some wear, but wear can be accelerated greatly by certain factors which can be controlled. Scratching occurs when film is dirty or equipment is poorly maintained or wrongly used. “Cinching” causes scratches and occurs when film is made to slide layer on layer

(e.g., when the end of a loose roll of film is pulled). Tearing and fingerprinting occur when equipment and handling methods are not suitable.

Remove dirt from film by wiping with a lintless fabric pad moistened with film cleaner or its equivalent. Carry out cleaning operations in an atmosphere of about 50% relative humidity to minimize the possibility that the film will become electrostatically charged and attract dust particles.

Another proven method for removing foreign matter from film is the use of Particle Transfer Roller (PTR) technology. These rollers are a polyurethane material whose tackiness and cushiness pick up dust, hair, and other unwanted material from a continuous moving film surface. These rollers can be mounted in-line with most film operations. They can be cleaned easily with warm water and mild soap. For more information about Particle Transfer Roller technology call FPC, Inc., (an Eastman Kodak Company)

at 1-323-468-5774 or contact your local Kodak Representative.

Cleanliness of the work space is essential to success in these operations. Static discharge devices are available for use when handling film which has been in dry storage. Alternatively, film can be conditioned to a higher relative humidity before cleaning and then reconditioned to the original low relative humidity. Other suggestions for improving handling operations can be found in Eastman Professional Motion Picture Films20 and The Book of Film Care.22

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D-31 June 2002

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Kodak D-31 manual Handling and Filing Film Records, Time-Capsule Storage, Interfiling
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D-31 specifications

Kodak D-31 is a color negative developer that has garnered attention for its unique set of features tailored to meet the demands of both professionals and enthusiasts in the field of photography. Designed primarily for use with color negative films, Kodak D-31 is known for delivering impressive results in terms of color reproduction, contrast, and image sharpness.

One of the standout characteristics of Kodak D-31 is its flexibility in processing various types of color negative films. This developer can be used for a range of ISO sensitivity ratings, making it versatile for different photographic situations. Whether capturing landscapes, portraits, or street photography, D-31 ensures that the vibrant colors and subtle tones of each scene are accurately represented.

The technology behind Kodak D-31 incorporates a balanced mixture of color-forming agents and stabilizers that contribute to its reliability. The developer uses a carefully controlled chemical composition that ensures consistent performance with minimal grain, which is a critical factor for photographers who demand high-quality prints. The result is images that display fine detail and smooth transitions in color, which can be particularly important in post-processing and printing.

Kodak D-31 is designed for easy use, featuring a simple processing workflow that can be followed even by those new to film development. The Developer can be used with standard tanks and is compatible with both manual and automatic processing equipment. This ease of use makes D-31 an excellent choice for educational settings and home darkrooms, as it allows users to focus more on the art of photography rather than the technicalities of the developing process.

An additional advantage of Kodak D-31 is its ability to deliver consistent results across different batches, which is essential for those looking to maintain a cohesive portfolio. Photographers can rest assured that each roll developed will yield similar results, thanks to the high degree of control in the chemical composition and the assurance of quality that Kodak has provided for decades.

In summary, Kodak D-31 stands out as a reliable, versatile, and high-performance color negative developer that is well-suited for a variety of photographic applications. Its thoughtful formulation offers photographers the ability to capture and reproduce color with precision, making it a preferred choice for both hobbyists and seasoned professionals alike. With its blend of technology and ease of use, D-31 continues to be a valuable tool for anyone looking to explore the rich world of color film photography.
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