Appendix A. WHAT IS RADAR?

A.0 GENERAL

The word “radar” is an acronym for “RAdio Detecting And Ranging.” In very simple terms, this is how it works. A radio transmitter sends a quick microwave pulse, and then a receiver listens for that signal’s echo when it is bounced back from something in its path. The returning signal is processed by a computer to determine its relative distance, position and bearing. This information is graphically displayed on a screen for you to see. Other boats or ships, navigational markers, landmasses and such are referred to as targets.

By knowing how long it takes for a signal to return, the distance to a target can be determined. As the radar antenna scans through a 360-degree rotation, it can show where the target is relative to your position. By repeated scans, you can see which direction another vessel is moving.

Other ship

Buoy

Radar

Radar

Antenna

Figure A - Radar

A.0.0 Antenna

How radar will perform is largely determined by its antenna or scanner. Increasing the size of the antenna improves long-range performance and target discrimination, or the ability to distinguish two separate targets at a distance. The critical factors are the antenna’s beam width and side lobe level. Typically, a radar antenna will radiate a tightly focused beam from the front of the array. The longer the antenna array is, the narrower the beam width will be. Additionally, it will also emit smaller amounts of energy to each side. The lower the side lobe level, the less the effect of a false echo.

A.0.1 Side Lobe

The beam in which the strongest radio signal is radiated from the antenna is called the “main lobe”. Those beams that are radiated in other directions are referred to as the “side lobes”. The side lobe level refers to the difference in level (signal strength) between the largest side lobe and the main lobe.

Radar Installation Manual

 

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Standard Horizon MDS-10-4, MDS-8, MDS-9, MDS-10-5 manual General, Antenna, Side Lobe

MDS-9, MDS-8, MDS-10-5, MDS-10-4, MDS-1 specifications

Standard Horizon's MDS series of marine radios is widely recognized for its reliable performance and advanced features, catering to the needs of boaters and mariners around the world. Let's delve into the main features, technologies, and characteristics of the MDS-1, MDS-10-4, MDS-10-5, MDS-8, and MDS-9 models.

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Overall, the Standard Horizon MDS series showcases a commitment to quality and innovation, providing users with essential tools for safe and effective maritime communication.