All installations and services must be performed by qualified service personnel.
2. PREVENTION OF CHIMNEY CONDENSING:
Stack gas may do one of two things as it escapes up the chimney:
A. Remain entirely in a gaseous state if the internal chimney wall temperature is above the dew point, or B. Condense water vapor on the chimney walls if they are chilled below the dew point.
Condensing will always occur on chimney walls whose temperatures are below the dew point, but the condensate may evaporate when the walls warm above the dew point. If the chimney wall temperature does not exceed the dew point during the heating cycle of the furnace, the moisture may accumulate in large enough quantities to cause problems such as corrosion of a metal chimney (especially plain steel or galvanized steel), erosion and break up of a tile liner in a masonry chimney and, in severe cases, corrosion of the heat exchanger. Condensate also could enter the home through cracks or joints in the chimney in a worse case situation.
Condensation most likely will not occur at the bottom of the chimney because the stack gas heats the chimney walls as it rises and the bottom will be heated first. This heating of the walls will cause the stack gas temperature to drop, which in turn may reduce the stack gas temperature below dew point, causing condensation to appear on the upper part of the chimney first. This condensation may then run down inside the chimney and drip back as far as the flue pipe and heat exchanger, where corrosion may occur, if not treated.
To prevent condensation, it is necessary that the internal chimney wall temperature always be kept above the dew point. If the chimney is a masonry type, it may have to be fitted with a flue liner, when the temperature loss is too great for the furnace. If the chimney is a metal type, then an "all fuel" chimney must be used, such as a Class "A" triple wall or insulated metal chimney. A liner will act as an insulator and reduce the stack gas temperature loss. Insulation may be added around the liner for further temperature stability. If the chimney is on the home's exterior or passes through a sizable, unheated area of the building, such as a porch, high ceiling attic, etc., and condensing occurs, the chimney must be insulated around its exterior to help the flue hold its temperature. Also, check to see if the chimney is too large for the furnace and other appliances connected to it. If so, reduce to proper size (see Appendix E of NFPA31) by lining. Be sure to use stainless steel liners, such as stainless types 430, 304, or for the toughest corrosion problems, type 316. If the chimney is the correct size for the unit and condensing still occurs, then insulating the vent connector and/or reducing the efficiency of the furnace may have to be done to raise the chimney temperature.
More detailed information may be obtained from the latest edition of the ASHRAE HVAC Systems and Equipment Handbook.
Should the previous recommendations and the information obtained from the ASHRAE Handbook fail to resolve a condensation problem, another alternative to consider is power side wall venting. For more information, contact your Thermo Pride representative or contact Thermo Products, LLC. at the address or phone number shown on the cover of this manual.
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