Cisco Systems CGS252016S8PC manual Switch Performance, Spanning Tree Loops, Cabling Distance

Page 66

Chapter 4 Troubleshooting

Diagnosing Problems

Spanning Tree Loops

STP loops can cause serious performance issues that look like port or interface problems.

A unidirectional link can cause loops. It occurs when the traffic sent by the switch is received by the neighbor, but the traffic from the neighbor is not received by the switch. A broken cable, other cabling problems, or a port issue could cause this one-way communication.

You can enable UniDirectional Link Detection (UDLD) on the switch to help identify unidirectional link problems. For information about enabling UDLD on the switch, see the “Understanding UDLD” section in the switch software configuration guide on Cisco.com.

Switch Performance

Speed, Duplex, and Auto-Negotiation

Port statistics that show a large amount of alignment errors, Frame Check Sequence (FCS), or late collisions errors, might mean a speed or duplex mismatch.

A common issue occurs when duplex and speed settings are mismatched between two switches, between a switch and a router, or between the switch and a workstation or server. Mismatches can happen when manually setting the speed and duplex or from auto-negotiation issues between the two devices.

To maximize switch performance and to ensure a link, follow one of these guidelines when changing the duplex or the speed settings.

Let both ports autonegotiate both speed and duplex.

Manually set the speed and duplex parameters for the interfaces on both ends of the connection.

If a remote device does not autonegotiate, use the same duplex settings on the two ports. The speed parameter adjusts itself even if the connected port does not autonegotiate.

Auto-Negotiation and Network Interface Cards

Problems sometimes occur between the switch and third-party network interface cards (NICs). By default, the switch ports and interfaces autonegotiate. Laptops or other devices are commonly set to autonegotiate, yet sometimes issues occur.

To troubleshoot auto-negotiation problems, try manually setting both sides of the connection. If this does not solve the problem, there could be a problem with the firmware or software on the NIC. You can resolve this by upgrading the NIC driver to the latest version.

Cabling Distance

If the port statistics show excessive FCS, late-collision, or alignment errors, verify that the cable distance from the switch to the connected device meets the recommended guidelines. See the Cables and Adapters, page B-4.

Cisco CGS 2520 Hardware Installation Guide

4-4

78-19377-02

 

 

Image 66
Contents Cisco CGS 2520 Hardware Installation Guide Americas HeadquartersCisco CGS 2520 Hardware Installation Guide N T E N T S Wall-Mounting Bad or Damaged Cable USB Console Port Preface Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request Related PublicationsSwitch Models Model DescriptionCable Side Cisco CGS-2520-24TC Cable-Side View10/100 Fast Ethernet Ports PoE PortsDual-Purpose Ports SFP ModulesSFP Module Patch Cable Type of SFP Module ModelAlarm Input Power-Input TerminalAlarm Ports Alarm OutputLEDs USB Mini-Type B PortSwitch Panel LEDs System LEDColor System Status Console LEDs Power Supply Module LEDsAlarm LEDs Color DescriptionDual-Purpose Port LEDs Port LEDsPoE LED SD Flash Memory Card LEDPower Supply Side SD Flash Memory CardColor Power Supply-Side LEDs USB LEDPower Supply Features Management OptionsNetwork Configurations Switch Installation 140F 60C Statement Installation Guidelines Verifying Switch Operation75 in .4 cm. Statement Installing the Switch Mounting into a RackMounting Brackets Attaching Brackets for 19-Inch Racks 2shows the 23-inch rack mounting bracketsAttaching Brackets for 19-Inch Racks Attaching Brackets for 19-Inch Racks IP-30 Compliance Inserting the Rubber Plugs Inserting the Rubber Plugs Inserting the Rubber Plugs detail Attaching Brackets for 19-Inch Racks Attaching Brackets for 23-Inch Racks 10 Attaching Brackets for 19-Inch RacksAttaching Brackets for Etsi Racks 11 Attaching Brackets for 23-Inch Racks12 Attaching Brackets for Etsi Racks Mounting the Switch into a Rack Wall-Mounting Attaching Brackets for Wall MountingWall-Mounting for IP-30 Compliance 14 Attaching 19-inch Rack Brackets for Wall Mounting15 Inserting the Rubber Plugs into the Switch Holes Installing and Removing SFP Modules Installing SFP Modules17 Installing an SFP Module Removing SFP ModulesInserting and Removing the SFP Module Patch Cable 18 Removing a Bale Clasp Latch SFP ModuleReplacing the SD Flash Memory Card Removing the SFP Module Patch Cable21 Loosening the Captive Screw Connecting Devices to the Ethernet Ports Device Crossover Cable Straight-Through CableConnecting to the 10/100 and 10/100/1000 Ports Connecting to the 10/100 PoE PortsWhere to Go Next Power Supply Installation Power Supply ModulesPower Supply Module Installation PWR-RGD-AC-DC Power Supply ModuleInstallation Guidelines Installing a Power Supply ModuleEquipment That You Need Grounding the Switch Dual-hole terminal lug Installing the Power Supply Module in the Switch Loosen the Screws on the Power Supply BlankWiring the Power Source AC 5 A, DC 15 a StatementPSU2 11 Stripping the Input Power Source Wire AC power connection DC power connection Removing the Power Supply Module 15 Removing the Screws78-19377-02 Page Diagnosing Problems Switch Post ResultsSwitch LEDs Ethernet and Fiber-Optic Cables Switch ConnectionsBad or Damaged Cable Link StatusSFP Module Interface Settings10/100 PoE Port Connections Ping End DeviceSpeed, Duplex, and Auto-Negotiation Switch PerformanceSpanning Tree Loops Auto-Negotiation and Network Interface CardsResetting the Switch to the Factory Default Settings Finding the Switch Serial NumberPage Switch Specifications Physical SpecificationsEnvironmental Ranges Power Requirements Power Requirements Power Supply Module Specifications Power SpecificationsConnector Specifications 10/100 Ethernet PortsSFP Module Connectors Figure B-2 Fiber-Optic SFP Module LC ConnectorAlarm Port Alarm RatingsIndustrial and Rugged SFPs Cables and AdaptersSFP Module Cables Commercial SFPs100BASE-BX Extended temperature SFPs Cable PinoutsFigure B-6 Switch Console RJ-45-to-DB-9 Console Port Adapter PinoutsPort DTE Terminal Adapter Device Switch Console RJ-45-to-DB-25 Port DTE Adapter Device Page Accessing the CLI Through the Console Port RJ-45 Console PortFigure C-1 Connecting the Console Cable Figure C-2 Connecting the USB Console Cable USB Console PortInstalling the Cisco Microsoft Windows USB Device Drivers Installing the Cisco Microsoft Windows XP USB DriverInstalling the Cisco Microsoft Windows 2000 USB Driver Uninstalling the Cisco Microsoft Windows USB Drivers Installing the Cisco Microsoft Windows Vista USB DriverEntering the Initial Configuration Information IP SettingsUninstalling the Cisco Microsoft Windows Vista USB Driver Completing the Setup Program These choices appear Numerics IN-2 IN-3 IN-4