Seagate ST1000NM0001, ST1000NM0021 Defect and error management, Drive internal defects/errors

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10.0Defect and error management

Seagate continues to use innovative technologies to manage defects and errors. These technologies are designed to increase data integrity, perform drive self-maintenance, and validate proper drive operation.

SCSI defect and error management involves drive internal defect/error management and SAS system error considerations (errors in communications between the initiator and the drive). In addition, Seagate provides the following technologies used to increase data integrity and drive reliability:

•Background Media Scan (see Section 10.4)

•Media Pre-Scan (see Section 10.5)

•Deferred Auto-Reallocation (see Section 10.6)

•Idle Read After Write (see Section 10.7)

The read error rates and specified storage capacities are not dependent on host (initiator) defect management routines.

10.1Drive internal defects/errors

During the initial drive format operation at the factory, media defects are identified, tagged as being unusable, and their locations recorded on the drive primary defects list (referred to as the “P’ list and also as the ETF defect list). At factory format time, these known defects are also reallocated, that is, reassigned to a new place on the medium and the location listed in the defects reallocation table. The “P” list is not altered after factory formatting. Locations of defects found and reallocated during error recovery procedures after drive shipment are listed in the “G” list (defects growth list). The “P” and “G” lists may be referenced by the initiator using the Read Defect Data command.

Details of the SCSI commands supported by the drive are described in the SAS Interface Manual. Also, more information on the drive Error Recovery philosophy is presented in the SAS Interface Manual.

10.2Drive error recovery procedures

When an error occurs during drive operation, the drive, if programmed to do so, performs error recovery proce- dures to attempt to recover the data. The error recovery procedures used depend on the options previously set in the Error Recovery Parameters mode page. Error recovery and defect management may involve using sev- eral SCSI commands described in the SAS Interface Manual. The drive implements selectable error recovery time limits required in video applications.

The error recovery scheme supported by the drive provides a way to control the total error recovery time for the entire command in addition to controlling the recovery level for a single LBA. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a command can be limited using the Recovery Time Limit bytes in the Error Recovery mode page. The total amount of time spent in error recovery for a single LBA can be limited using the Read Retry Count or Write Retry Count bytes in the Error Recovery mode page.

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Contents ST1000NM0041 ST500NM0041 Standard Models Self-Encrypting Drive ModelsSED Fips 140-2 Models ST2000NM0041 Revision history Contents About Fips About self-encrypting drives Defect and error managementInstallation Interface requirementsPage Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E List of Figures Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E Seagate Technology support services Seagate Online Support and ServicesScope Model Number Self-Encrypting Drive SED Fips 140-2 LevelElectromagnetic compatibility Applicable standards and reference documentationStandards Electromagnetic susceptibilityAustralian C-Tick Electromagnetic complianceElectromagnetic compliance for the European Union Korean KCCEuropean Union Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS China Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS DirectiveReference documents Self-Encrypting Drives Reference ManualGeneral description Standard features Media descriptionPerformance Formatted capacities Factory-installed optionsReliability Programmable drive capacitySeek performance characteristics Performance characteristicsInternal drive characteristics Access timeGeneral performance characteristics Start/stop timePrefetch/multi-segmented cache control Cache operationCaching write data Prefetch operationRecoverable Errors Reliability specificationsError rates Unrecoverable ErrorsInterface errors Reliability and serviceSeek errors Preventive maintenancePerformance impact 4 S.M.A.R.TControlling S.M.A.R.T Reporting controlTemperature Log Page 0Dh Parameter Code Description Predictive failuresThermal monitor DST failure definition State of the drive prior to testingDrive Self Test DST ImplementationExtended test Function Code 010b Short and extended testsShort test Function Code 001b Log page entriesStorage Product warrantyShipping Product repair and return informationPhysical/electrical specifications PowerChoiceTM power managementPowerChoice modes AC power requirements DC power requirementsRegulation ±5% Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E General DC power requirement notes Power sequencingConducted noise immunity Current profiles TB model current profilesConstellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E GB model current profiles Power dissipation 2TB models in 3Gb operation2TB models in 6Gb operation 1TB models in 3Gb operation 1TB models in 6Gb operation 500GB models in 3Gb operation 500GB models in 6Gb operation Temperature a. Operating Environmental limitsRelative humidity Effective altitude sea level a. Operating Shock and vibrationShock Vibration a. Operating-normal Recommended mountingAir cleanliness AcousticsCorrosive environment Mechanical specifications Mounting configuration dimensionsValidation Program About FipsPurpose Seagate Enterprise SEDExample of Fips tamper evidence labels About self-encrypting drives Controlled access Admin SP Data encryptionDrive locking Authenticated firmware downloadRandom number generator RNG Data bandsSanitize Cryptographic Erase Power requirementsSupported commands RevertSPDefect and error management Drive internal defects/errorsDrive error recovery procedures SAS system errors Background Media Scan Media Pre-ScanDeferred Auto-Reallocation Protection Information PI Setting and determining the current Type LevelIdle Read After Write Levels of PIIdentifying a Protection Information drive Installation Drive orientationCooling Air flowDrive mounting GroundingSAS features Interface requirementsDual port support Scsi commands supported Supported commandsSupported commands Supported commands Supported commands Mode Sense data Inquiry dataConstellation ES.1 inquiry data Page Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 2TB drives Mode Sense data changeable and default values for 1TB drives 3a 38 60 30 00 00 02 Miscellaneous operating features and conditions Miscellaneous featuresMiscellaneous status SAS physical interface Datum B Section C C Section a a Electrical description Physical characteristicsConnector requirements Pin descriptionsSAS transmitters and receivers Signal characteristicsPower Ready LED OutDifferential signals SAS-2 Specification ComplianceLED drive signal General interface characteristicsConstellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E Index NumericsKCC Msid Mtbf See also cooling Page Constellation ES.1 SAS Product Manual, Rev. E Page Seagate Technology LLC Americas
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