NETGEAR PS111W manual Netmask

NetGear Print Server Manual

Class B addresses can have up to 65,354 hosts on a network. Class B addresses use a 16-bit network number and a 16-bit node number. Class B addresses are in this range:

128.1.x.x￿ to￿ 191.254.x.x.￿ ￿

Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network. Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and 8 bits for the node. They are in this range:

192.0.1.x￿ to￿ 223.255.254.x.￿ ￿

Class D addresses are used for multicasts (messages sent to many hosts). Class D addresses are in this range:

224.0.0.0￿ to￿ 239.255.255.255.￿ ￿

Class E addresses are for experimental use.

This addressing structure allows IP to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network.

For each unique value of the network portion of the address, the base address of the range (host address of all zeros) is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host. Also, the top address of the range (host address of all ones) is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for sending a packet simultaneously to all hosts with the same network address.

Netmask

In each of the above address classes, the size of the two parts (network address and host address) is implied by the class. This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address. A netmask is a 32-bit quantity that, when logically ANDed with an IP address, yields the network address. For instance, the netmasks for Class A, B, and C addresses are 255.0.0.0, 255.255.0.0, and 255.255.255.0, respectively.

For example, the address 192.168.170.237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits. When ANDed with the Class C netmask, as shown here, only the network portion of the address remains:

11000000￿ 10101000￿ 10101010￿ 11101101￿ (192.168.170.237)￿

ANDed with:

11111111￿ 11111111￿ 11111111￿ 00000000￿ (255.255.255.0)￿

Equals:

11000000￿ 10101000￿ 10101010￿ 00000000￿ (192.168.170.0)￿

As a shorter alternative to dotted-decimal notation, the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left. This number is appended to the IP address, following a backward slash ( / ), as "/n." In the example, the address could be written as 192.168.170.237/24, indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros.

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