Maxtor 4320 manual Logical Block Addressing

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GLOSSARY

LOGICAL ADDRESS

Astoragelocationaddressthatmaynotrelatedirectlytoaphysicallocation.Usually usedtorequestinformationfromacontroller,whichperformsalogicaltophysical addressconversion,andinturn,retrievesthedatafromaphysicallocationinthemass storageperipheral.

LOGICAL BLOCK ADDRESSING

Definestheaddressingofthedevicebythelinearmappingofsectors.

LOGICAL SECTOR

ThelowestunitofspacethatDOScanaccessthroughadevicedriver;oneormore physicalsectors.

LOW FREQUENCY

Thelowestrecordingfrequencyusedinaparticularmagneticrecordingdevice.With FMorMFMchannelcodes,thisfrequencyisalsocalled“IF.”

M

MAIN MEMORY Random-accessmemory(RAM)usedbythecentralprocessingunit(CPU)forstoring programinstructionsanddatacurrentlybeingprocessedbythoseinstructions.(Seealso randomaccessmemory.)

MASS STORAGE

Auxiliarymemoryusedinconjunctionswithmainmemory;generallyhavingalarge, on-linestoragecapacity.

MEGABYTE (MB)

Aunitofmeasureapproximatelyonemillionbytes(actually1,048,576bytes)or106.

MEMORY

Anydeviceorstoragesystemcapableofstoringandretrievinginformation.(Seealso storagedefinitions.)

MICROCOMPUTER

Acomputerwhosecentralprocessingunitisamicroprocessor.Itisusually,butnot necessarily,desktopsize.

MICROPROCESSOR

Acentralprocessingunit(CPU)manufacturedasachiporasmallnumberofchips.

MISSING PULSE

Atermusedinsurfacecertification.Itiswhenaprerecordedsignalisreducedin amplitudebyacertainspecifiedpercentage.

MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MFM)

Amethodofencodingdigitaldatasignalsforrecordingonmagneticmedia.Alsocalled “threefrequencyrecording.”Recordingcodethatonlyusessynchronizingclockpulse ifdatabitsarenotpresent.Doublesthelinealbitdensitywithoutincreasingthelineal fluxreversaldensity,comparedtoFrequencyModulation.

MODIFIED MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION (MMFM)

ArecordingcodesimilartoMFMthathasalongerrunlengthlimiteddistance.

MODULATION

1.Readbackvoltagefluctuationusuallyrelatedtotherotationalperiodofadisk.2.A recordingcode,suchasFM,MFM,orRLL,totranslatebetweenfluxreversalsandbits orbytes.

N

NON-RETURN TO ZERO

Aformofdataencodingthatisnotself-clocking,inotherwords,itneedstobe providedwithanexternalbitcellclocksignal.Generallyusedinhigher-performance diskdrives.

O

OFF-LINE processingorperipheraloperationsperformedwhiledisconnectedfromthesystem CPUviathesystembus.

ON-LINE processingorperipheraloperationsperformedwhiledisconnectedfromthesystem CPUviathesystembus.

OPEN LOOP SERVO

Aheadpositioningsystemthatdoesnotusepositionalinformationtoverifyandcorrect theradiallocationoftheheadrelativetothetrack.Thisisusuallyachievedbyuseofa steppermotorwhichhaspredeterminedstoppingpointthatcorrespondstotrack locations.

OPERATING SYSTEM

Asoftwareprogramthatorganizestheactionsofthepartsofthecomputerandits peripheraldevices.(Seediskoperatingsystem.)

OUTSIDE DIAMETER

Thelargestradiusrecordingtrackonadisk.

OVERWRITE

Atestthatmeasurestheresidual1Frecordedfrequencyonatrackafterbeing overwrittenbya2Fsignal.Variationsofthetestexist.

P

PARALLELISM

1.Theconditionoftwoplanesorlinesbeingparallel.Importantindiskdrivesbecause alackofitinmechanicalassembliescanresultinpositioninginaccuracy.More precisely:planes-coplanar;lines-colinear.2.Isthelocalvariationindiskthickness measuredindependentlyofthicknessitself.3.Theabilityofamultiprocessorcomputer toallocatemorethanoneprocessor(CPU)toacomputingproblem,whereeachCPU worksonaseparateproblemorseparatesegmentofthatproblem.Alsoreferredtoas parallelprocessing.

PARITY

Asimplemethodofdataerrordetectionsthatalwaysmakesnumberseitheroddor even,usinganextrabitinwhichthetotalnumberofbinary1s(or0s)inabyteis alwaysoddoralwayseven;thus,inanoddparityscheme,everybytehaseightbitsof dataandoneparitybit.Ifusingoddparityandthenumberof1bitscomprisingthe byteofdataisnotodd,theninthorparitybitissetto1tocreatetheoddparity.Inthis way,abyteofdatacanbecheckedforaccuratetransmissionbysimplycountingthe bitsforanoddparityindication.Ifthecountisevereven,anerrorisindicated.

PARTITION

Alogicalsectionofadiskdrive,eachofwhichbecomesalogicaldevicewithadrive letter.

PEAK SHIFT

Theshiftingintimeofthezero-slopeportionofareadbackvoltagefromthevalues containedinthewritecurrentwaveform.Sometimesincorrectlyusedtodescribebit jitter.

PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT

Auxiliarymemory,displays,printers,andotherequipmentusuallyattachedtoa computersystem’sCPUbycontrollersandcables.(Theyareoftenpackagedtogetherin adesktopcomputer.)

PHASE LOCKED LOOP (PLL)

Acircuitwhoseoutputlocksontoandtracksthefrequencyofaninputsignal. Sometimesincorrectlycalledadataseparator.

PHASE MARGIN Measureindegreesoftheamountofdifferencebetweenexcursionsfromthewindow centerwherefluxreversalscanoccurandtheedgeofthedatawindow.Similarto windowmargin.

PHYSICAL SECTOR

Thesmallestgroupingofdataontheharddisk;always512bytes.

PIO

ProgrammableInputOutput.Ameansofaccessingdeviceregisters.Alsodescribesone formofdatatransfers.PIOdatatransfersareperformedbythehostprocessorusing PIOregisteraccessestothedataregister.

PLATED THIN FILM MEDIA

Magneticdiskmemorymediahavingitssurfaceplatedwithathincoatingofametallic alloyinsteadofbeingcoatedwithoxide.

PROCESSING

Theprocessofthecomputerhandling,manipulatingandmodifyingdatasuchas arithmeticcalculation,filelookupandupdating,andwordpressing.

PULSE CROWDING

Modificationofplaybackamplitudeduetosuper-positioningofadjacentfluxreversal fieldsbeingsensedbytheread/writegap.

PULSE DETECT

Adigitalpulsetraininwhicheachleadingedgeoreachedgecorrespondstoa magnetictransitionreadfromthedisk.Iftransitionqualificationcircuitryexistsinthe drive,thissignalistheoutputofsame.Alsoknownastransitiondetect.

GL – 4

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Contents HA RD Drive Produc T MA Nual DiamondMax Revisions Manual No Before You Begin U T I O NContents Product Specifications Handling and InstallationAT Interface Description Host Software InterfaceGlossary Interface CommandsService and Support Figures Introduction Maxtor CorporationManual Organization AbbreviationsSignal Conventions ConventionsKey Words NumberingDiamondMax 4320 Key Features Product DescriptionProduct Features Functional / InterfaceOn-the-Fly Hardware Error Correction Code ECC Logical Block AddressingDefect Management Zone DMZ Software ECC CorrectionRead-Ahead Mode Cache ManagementBuffer Segmentation Automatic Write Reallocation AWRMajor HDA Components Subsystem Configuration Jumper Location/ConfigurationCylinder Limitation Dual Drive SupportProduct Specifications Drive ConfigurationPerformance Specifications Models and CapacitiesPhysical Dimensions Parameter Standard MetricPower Requirements Average Power Mode DefinitionsEPA Energy Star Compliance Environmental LimitsReliability Specifications Shock and VibrationCanadian Emissions Statement Safety Regulatory ComplianceRadiated Electromagnetic Field Emissions EMC Compliance Handling and Installation Hard Drive Handling PrecautionsPre-formatted Drive Important NoticeUnpacking and Inspection Multi-pack Shipping ContainerRepacking Physical InstallationRecommended Mounting Configuration Before You Begin General Requirements Mounting Drive in System Attaching Interface Power Cables System Setup Hard Drive Preparation System Hangs During Boot Interface Connector AT Interface DescriptionPin Description Summary PINPIN Name Signal Name Signal Description Pin Description TableTiming Parameters Mode PIO TimingDMA Timing Mode MIN MAX Ultra DMA TimingSustained Ultra DMA Data In Burst Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data In Burst Initiating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Device Pausing an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Device Terminating an Ultra DMA Data Out Burst Error Register Features RegisterHost Software Interface Task File RegistersSector Count Register Sector Number RegisterCylinder Number Registers Device/Head RegisterCommand Register Summary Command Name Command Code Parameters UsedTimer Value TIME-OUT Period Control Diagnostic Registers Alternate Status RegisterDevice Control Register Digital Input RegisterInterrupt Handling Reset and Interrupt HandlingReset Handling Interface Commands Set Feature CommandsRead Verify Sectors Read CommandsRead Sectors Read DMA Read MultipleWrite Commands Set Multiple ModeWrite Sectors Write Verify SectorsWrite Multiple Write DMAValue Description Set Feature CommandsSet Features Mode Power Mode Commands Sleep Mode Identify Drive Initialization CommandsWord Content Description 15-8 = PIO data transfer mode = Write Cache enabled Initialize Drive Parameters Seek, Format and Diagnostic Commands Execute Drive DiagnosticError Code Description Format TrackA.R.T. Command Set Execute S.M.A.R.TService and Support Service PolicyNo Quibble Service SupportInternet MaxFax ServiceCustomer Service Access Time GlossaryCylinder Zero Gigabyte GB Logical Block Addressing Read Gate Signal THIN-FILM Media

4320 specifications

The Maxtor 4320 is a notable entry in the realm of hard disk drives, widely recognized for its reliability and performance in data storage. Released in the early 2000s, it quickly gained traction among both consumers and professionals looking for efficient solutions for their data management needs.

At the core of the Maxtor 4320 is its impressive storage capacity. With a capacity of 20GB, it was considered substantial at the time, making it ideal for storing a variety of files, from documents to multimedia content. This drive provided users with ample space to expand their digital footprint without the constant worry of running out of space.

One of the standout features of the Maxtor 4320 is its data transfer rate. Operating at a speed of 5400 RPM, it offered a balanced performance that suited casual users and most business applications. The drive utilized an IDE interface, ensuring compatibility with a wide range of motherboards and systems, allowing for easy integration into both desktop and laptop computers.

The Maxtor 4320 is characterized by its durability. Engineered with robust materials and a well-designed casing, it was built to withstand regular use. This durability became a significant selling point, as data integrity and safety are paramount in any storage solution. Users could rely on the Maxtor 4320 to protect their important data against the wear and tear associated with daily operations.

In terms of technologies, the Maxtor 4320 featured advanced error correction algorithms, which ensured that data retrieval was not only fast but also reliable. This was particularly important at a time when data integrity was becoming increasingly crucial for personal and corporate users alike.

Additionally, the drive's low power consumption was a key consideration for eco-conscious consumers. It allowed for extended use without excessively draining power, contributing to lower energy bills and a smaller carbon footprint. This feature made the Maxtor 4320 an attractive option for users looking to balance performance with energy efficiency.

In conclusion, the Maxtor 4320 combined reliability, performance, and durability to become a popular choice in the hard disk drive market of the early 2000s. Its large storage capacity, reasonable speed, and energy efficiency catered to a wide range of users, from home consumers to small businesses. The legacy of the Maxtor 4320 continues to influence current storage solutions as it laid the groundwork for advancements in hard disk technology.
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