ADTRAN 4206 Plan A Line-of-Sight, Receiver Power, Receiver Sensitivity Antenna Information

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MICROWAVE PATH ENGINEERING BASICS

Explains the basics of analyzing a wireless microwave link or path. The significant parameters are defined, and several recommendations are offered.

CONTENTS

Line-of-Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Decibels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Calculating the Fade Margin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Receiver Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Antenna Gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Transmitted Power (PT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Carrier Wavelength (l) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Path Distance (d) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

System Losses (L) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Path Loss (LP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Receiver Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Antenna Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Antenna Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

TRACER RSSI Test Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Antenna Beam Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Path Availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

 

FIGURES

 

Figure 1.

Example Microwave Path with Parameters

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Figure 2. Typical Antenna Beam Pattern

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TABLES

 

Table 1.

Antenna Gain for Given Dish Diameters

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Table 2.

Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types

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Table 3.

Path Loss for Given Path Lengths

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Table 4.

Receiver Sensitivity for the TRACER 4106/4206

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Table 5.

Minimum Antenna Height for Given Path Lengths

22

612804206L2-1A

© 2004 ADTRAN, Inc.

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Contents Tracer 4106/4206 To the Holder of the Manual TrademarksAbout this Manual Revision History Save These Important Safety Instructions Safety InstructionsRadio Frequency Interface Statement FCC-Required InformationExposure to Radio Frequency Fields FCC Output Power RestrictionsPre-Sales Inquiries and Applications Support Repair and ReturnPost-Sale Support Installation and Maintenance SupportTraining Table of Contents Table of Contents Tracer 4106/4206 System Manual System Description Configuration and Management Features and BenefitsSystem Overview OperationalLine-of-Sight Receiver PowerReceiver Sensitivity Antenna Information Other ConsiderationsADTRAN, Inc Terminology LINE-OF-SIGHTDecibels Calculating the Fade MarginReceiver Power Antenna Gain Transmitted Power PTPath Distance d Carrier Wavelength λSystem Losses L Typical Coaxial Loss for Common Cable Types Path Loss LPT1 Ports Receiver SensitivityAntenna Alignment Antenna InformationTracer Rssi Test Points Antenna Beam PatternsFresnel Zones, Earth Curvature, & Antenna Heights Path Availability Other ConsiderationsTerrain Terrain Factor Description Climate Climate Factor Description Values normally used are listed belowReviewing the Front Panel Design At-A-Glance SpecificationsPower Requirements Equipment DimensionsReviewing the Front Panel Design Rssi Monitoring InterfaceReviewing the Tracer 4106/4206 Rear Panel Design RS-232 Connection DB-25 Terminal Use Name Connector DescriptionRear Panel Description RS-232 Connection PinoutRS-232 Connection Modem Use Tracer 4106/4206 DCE to Terminal DTE Diagram DB-25Tracer 4106/4206 DCE to Personal Computer DB-9 T1 Connections RJ-48C T1 Interface Connector PinoutTracer 4106/4206 DCE to Modem DCE DB-25 DC Power Connection Plug-In Terminal Block Alarm Contacts Plug-In Terminal BlockAntenna Interface N-Type connector FuseHardware Description Specification Transmitter AT-A-GLANCE SpecificationsVT100 Terminal Interface Engineering Guidelines Tracer 4106/4206 System Manual Unpack and Inspect the System Network Turnup ProcedureIntroduction Contents of Adtran ShipmentTools Required Unpack and Inspect the SystemChannel Selection Customer ProvidesGrounding Instructions Mounting Options Supplying Power to the UnitInstructions for Rackmounting the Tracer 4106/4206 Inch Rackmount Illustration Connecting the T1 InterfaceMenu Descriptions User Interface GuideTerminal Menu Window Navigating the Terminal MenuPassword Protection Navigating using the Keyboard KeysTerminal Menu and System Control To do this Press this keyElapsed Time Menu DescriptionsContact Information RF StatusRx Power T1 Status Error/Alarm OnlyTx Power Remote Tracer StatusMain Menu Tracer System Options Tracer System Options RF Bandplan Receiver Sensitivity Active Bandwidth Receiver Sensitivity for the Tracer 4106/4206Resets all system error counters for the Tracer 4106/4206 T1 Interface Alarms T1x Status/Configuration/LoopbackT1X STATUS/CONFIGURATION/LOOPBACK T1X Line Build OUT T1 Remote Link Loopback T1X Performance History Overview Installing/Troubleshooting the Tracer HardwareOverview LED Indicators PWR LEDTST LED RF Down LEDRF LOW LED T1 Interface Alarm LEDsSTEP-BY-STEP Troubleshooting RF ErrorsINSTALLING/TROUBLESHOOTING the Tracer Hardware Installing/Configuring T1 Hardware