than freshwater due to continuous wind and wave action that causes aeration at the surface. The Surface Clutter menu provides manual control to bias the default settings under extreme conditions.
Target Separation: Target Separation is the measurement of minimum distance that a fishfinder needs to be able to recognize two very close objects as two distinct targets (i.e. two fish hanging very close, or a fish hanging very close to structure). Humminbird® fishfinders provide a very good 2 1/2 inches of target separation in shallower than 100 feet of depth. Target separation decreases as depth increases due to the need for longer Pulse Width to achieve greater depth. See Pulse Width.
Thermoclines: Thermoclines are water layer(s) of distinctly different temperatures that create a sonar reflection due to the density of the differing water temperatures. Typically a thermocline will appear as a continuous band across the display at some distance above the bottom contour. Thermoclines are of interest to anglers because fish will suspend above or below the thermocline as they seek the optimum temperature and oxygen levels.
Time Variable Gain: Time Variable Gain is a processing step applied to the sonar return to "normalize" the data so that objects of equal size (i.e. fish) appear to be the same size, even if they are separated by a good distance. Time Variable Gain is a fundamental attribute of good sonar, but is often promoted as a feature.
Total Screen Update®: A Humminbird® feature that refreshes and updates all the sonar information on the display when a range change occurs. Without Total Screen Update®, only the most recent sonar information would be drawn to the new range, and the old sonar information would continue to scroll off the screen at the old range.
Transducer: The transducer is part of the sonar system, which mounts on the boat and is in contact with the water, that converts the electrical energy from the transmitter into sound energy, and that forms the sonar beam in turn. Internally, the transducer consists of one or more piezo electric disks that expand by very minute amounts to create the sound wave. This element also works in reverse, converting the returned sound energy back into an electrical signal that the receiver interprets. Transducers are available for many specific mounting applications for the boat, such as a transom mount, trolling motor mount, etc. Humminbird® offers many sophisticated transducers, often with multiple piezo electric elements designed to form
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