Tyco 579-769 specifications Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems

Page 6

Influences on Intelligibility

3-2

Introduction

3-2

Background Noise

3-3

Reverberation

3-4

Distortion

3-5

Microphone Technique

3-5

Measures of Intelligibility

3-6

Introduction

3-6

The Common Intelligibility Scale (CIS)

3-6

The STI Method

3-7

STIpa

3-7

STITEL

3-7

RASTI

3-7

Percent (%) ALcons

3-7

Phonetically Balanced Word Scores

3-7

Practical Measurement of Intelligibility

3-8

Introduction

3-8

Tools for Predicting Intelligibility

3-9

Introduction

3-9

Acoustical Modeling Software

3-9

Chapter 4 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems

4-1

Introduction

4-1

In this Chapter

4-1

A Typical Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications System

4-2

Parts of an Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications System

4-3

Command Center

4-3

Audio Riser

4-3

Transponder

4-3

Speaker Circuits

4-4

Chapter 5 Regulatory Issues

5-1

Introduction

5-1

In this Chapter

5-1

Audibility

5-2

Tones and SPL

5-2

High Background Noise

5-3

Large Areas

5-3

Intelligibility

5-4

Intelligibility

5-4

Intelligibility Certification

5-5

Chapter 6 Speaker System Design Method

6-1

Introduction

6-1

In this Chapter

6-1

Speaker Design Method

6-2

Introduction

6-2

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Contents Fire Alarm Audio Applications Guide Page Copyrights and Trademarks Page Table of Contents Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems Glossary of Terms Related Publications Chapter Speech Intelligibility Overview Speech Intelligibility Importance Designing for Chapter Background Information Topic See Page #Equation 2-1. The Decibel Equation 2-3. Power RelationshipsBasic Audio Math Equation 2-2. Ohm’s LawEquation 2-5. dB and Sound Pressure Levels Equation 2-6. Adding DecibelsSound and Hearing Robinson and Dadson Equal Loudness CurvesNature of Speech Speech Pattern that Illustrates ModulationsRoom Acoustics Sabine Equation, used when α Eyring Equation, used when αAreas with high ceilings, specify a more directional speaker Speaker Basics Equation 2-8. The Inverse Square LawSPL = Sensitivity + 20 log Equation 2-9. On-Axis SPL Calculation6dB/division 87dBEquation 2-10. Directivity Factor Q for a Conical Source 51º 104 Critical Polar Angle CalculationsEquation 2-11. Coverage Area Calculations Listener Height = 1.5 Meters Ceiling Coverage Diameter2x Edge-to-Edge Layout Pattern Selection GuideSPL Variation by Layout Pattern Minimum OverlapDistributed Wall Mounted Systems Width Opposite SpeakerWall Mounted Speakers In Meters Room Coverage Width Edge-edge Minimum-Overlap Full-Overlap Chapter Speech Intelligibility Influences on Intelligibility Frequency of Speech Contribution to IntelligibilityDegradation of CIS vs. Signal-to-Noise Ratio No Noise With Added NoiseBackground Noise Reverberation Distortion Measures of Intelligibility Correlation of CIS and with STI and %ALconsALcons STI method with faster measurement times Practical Measurement of Intelligibility STI-CIS Analyzer TalkboxTools for Predicting Intelligibility Page Chapter Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications Systems Typical Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications System AdvantagesParts of an Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications System Class a and B Speaker Circuit Wiring Chapter Regulatory Issues Audibility From Nfpa 72, 2002 EditionHigh Background Noise Large Areas Intelligibility Intelligibility Certification Page Chapter Speaker System Design Method Speaker Design Method Determine the speaker-to-listener distance D2Recommendations for Maximizing System Intelligibility Applying the Methods ITool Office Space ExampleOffice Space Speaker Location Guide Corridor Design Example Corridor Speaker Location Guide Corridor SPL DistributionITool Gymnasium Example 10. Gymnasium Speaker Location Guide 13. Lobby Example 15. Lobby Layout Applying the Methods Conclusion Page Chapter Glossary of Terms Glossary Glossary Page Index IN-2 Page 579-769 Rev. C