Operating Instructions and Parts Manual

Shielded Metal Arc Welder

Glosario de Terminología usada por soldadores

ANSI Standard Z49.1 - Safety in Welding and Cutting. This publication may be ordered from the American Welding Society, 550 NW. LeJune Rd., Miami, FL 33135.

All installation, maintenance, repair and operation of this equipment should be performed by qualified persons only in accordance with national, state, and local codes.

Im-

! WARNING proper

use of electric arc welders can cause electric shock,

injury, and death! Take all precautions described in

this manual to reduce the possibility of electric shock.

Verify that all components of the arc welder are clean and in good condition prior to operating the welder. Be sure that the insulation on all cables, electrode holders, and power cords is not damaged. Always repair or replace damaged components before operating the welder. Always keep welder panels, shields, etc. in place when operating the welder.

Always wear dry protective clothing and welding gloves, and insulated footwear.

Always operate the welder in a clean, dry, well ventilated area. Do not operate the welder in humid, wet, rainy, or poorly ventilated areas.

Be sure that the work piece is properly supported and grounded prior to beginning any electric arc welding operation.

Coiled welding cable should be spread out before use to avoid overheating and damage to insulation.

Never immerse the

! DANGER electrode or electrode holder in water. If the welder becomes wet for any reason, be absolutely certain that it is completely clean and dry prior to attempting use!

● Always shut the equipment off and unplug the power prior to moving the unit.

● Always attach the ground lead first.

Verify that the work piece is securely grounded.

Always shut off electric arc welding equipment when not in use and remove the electrode from the holder.

Never allow any part of the body to touch the electrode and ground or grounded work piece at the same time.

Awkward welding conditions and positions can be electrically hazardous. When crouching, kneeling or at elevations, be sure to insulate all conductive parts, wear appropriate protective clothing, and take precautions to prevent injury from falls.

Never attempt to use this equipment at current settings or duty cycles higher than those specified on the equipment labels.

Never use an electric arc welder to thaw frozen pipes.

!WARNING Flyingsparks

and hot metal can cause injury. As welds cool, slag

can be thrown off. Take all precautions described in this manual to reduce the possibility of injury from flying sparks and hot metal.

Wear ANSI approved face shield or safety glasses with side shield protection when chipping or grinding metal parts.

Wear ear plugs when welding overhead to prevent spatter or slag from falling into ears.

!WARNING Electricarc

welding operations produce intense light and

heat and ultraviolet (UV) rays. This intense light and UV rays can cause injury to eyes and skin. Take all precautions described in this manual to reduce the possibility of injury to eyes and skin.

All persons operating this equipment or in the area while equipment is in use must wear protective welding gear including: welding helmet or shield with proper shade as specified in the

following chart, flame resistant clothing, leather welding gloves, and full foot protection.

 

CurrentCurrent

Filter

 

(Amps)

Shade

e

 

 

Up To 160 Amps

10

 

 

 

 

 

160 To 250 Amps

12

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Never look at arc

!WARNING welding operations without eye protection as described above. Never use a shade filter lens that is cracked, broken, or rated below number 10. Warn others in the area not to look at the arc.

!WARNING Electricarc welding operations cause

sparks and heat metal to temperatures that can cause severe burns! Use protective gloves and clothing when performing any metal working operation. Take all precautions described in this manual to reduce the possibility of skin and clothing burns.

Make sure that all persons in the welding area are protected from heat, sparks, and ultraviolet rays. Use additional face shields and flame resistant barriers as needed.

Never touch work pieces until completely cooled.

Heat and

! WARNING sparks

produced during electric arc welding and other metal working operations can ignite flammable and explosive materials! Take all precautions described in this manual to reduce the possibility of flames and explosions.

Remove all flammable materials within 35 feet (10.7 meters) of welding arc. If removal is not possible, tightly cover flammable materials with fire proof covers.

Do not operate any electric arc welder in areas where flammable or explosive vapors may be present.

Take precautions to be sure that flying sparks and heat do not cause flames in hidden areas, cracks, behind bulkheads, etc.

CA o Corriente Alterna - corriente eléctrica que cambia de dirección periódicamente. Corriente de 60 ciclos se desplaza en ambas direcciones 60 veces por segundo.

Longitud del Arco - la distancia entre el extremo del electrodo y el punto de contacto con la superficie de trabajo. Metal Básico - el material que se va a soldar.

Unión a tope - la unión de dos miembros alineados aproximadamente en el mismo plano.

Cráter - el vacio que se forma cuando el arco hace contacto con el metal básico. CD o Corriente Directa - corriente eléctrica que se deplaza en un sólo sentido. La polaridad (+ o -) determina el sentido del desplazamiento.

CD Polaridad Reversa - ocurre cuando el portaelectrodo está conectado al polo positivo de la soldadora. Esta tecnica dirije más calor para derretir el electrodo en vez de la pieza de trabajo. Generalmente esta técnica se usa con piezas delgadas.

CD Polaridad Directa - oocurre cuando el portaelectrodo está conectado al polo negativo de la soldadora. Con esta tecnica la mayoría del calor se dirije a la pieza de trabajo para lograr una mayor penetración en piezas gruesas.

Electrodo - un alambre de metal con una capa que tiene aproximadamente la misma composición del material que se va a soldar. Soldadura de Filete - soldadura triangular, para unir dos superficies en ángulo recto, en T o en las esquinas. Fundente - un material, que al calentarse, emite un gas que cubre el área donde va a soldar. Este gas protege los metales que va a soldar contra las impurezas presentes en el aire.

Soldar con Arcos de Fundente - también se conoce como soldar sin gas, esta técnica para soldar usa una soldadora con alambre. El alambre es tubular y lleno de fundente.

Soldar con Arcos de Metal Gaseoso - es un proceso para soldar usado con una soldadora con alambre. El alambre es sólido y se usa un gas inerte.

Soldar con Arcos de Tungsteno - es un proceso para soldar usado con soldadoras con generadores de alta frecuencia. El arco se crea con un electrodo no-consumible de tugnsteno. No necesariamente se usa metal de relleno.

Unión de superposición - la unión de dos miembros superpuestos en planos paralelos. Voltaje de circuito abierto - el voltaje entre el electrodo y la pinza de conexión a tierra de la soldadora cuando no hay flujo de corriente (no se está soldando). Esto determina la rápidez con que se enciende el arco.

Sobremonta - ocure si el amperaje es demasiado bajo. En este caso, el metal derretido se cae del electrodo sin haberse unido al metal básico.

Porosidad - cavidad que se forma durante la solidificación del área soldada. Las porosidades debilitan la unión. Penetración - la profundidad que el arco se penetra dentro de la pieza de trabajo durante el proceso de soldar. Para soldar bien se debe lograr 100% de penetración, es decir todo el grosor de la pieza de trabajo se debe derretir y solidificar. El área afectada por el calor se debe ver facilmente desde el otro lado.

Soldar con arcos protegidos - es un proceso de soldar que usa un electrodo consumible para sostener el arco. La protección se logra al derretir el fundente del electrodo .

Escoria - una capa de residuo de fundente que protege la unión de óxidos y otros contaminantes mientras los metales se solidifican (enfrian). Esta se debe limpiar una vez que el metal se haya enfriado. Salpiqueo - las particulas de metal que salpican durante el proceso de soldar y que se solidifican en la superficie de trabajo. Esto se puede minimizar al rociar un repelente adecuado antes de comenzar a soldar.

Soldadura de puntos - una unión hecha para mantener las piezas alineadas hasta que se haya completado el proceso de soldar.

Angulo de desplazamiento - el ángulo del electrodo con respecto a la línea a soldar. Este varia entre los 5º y 45º según sean las condiciones.

Unión en T - es la unión del borde de una pieza de metal con la superficie de otra en un ángulo de 90º .

Socavación - el resultado de soldar con un amperaje demasiado alto. Esto ocasiona ranuras en ambos lados de la reborde que reduce la resistencia de la unión. Sedimento - el volumen de metal derretido al soldar antes de que se solidifique como metal soldado.

Reborde - una capa delgada o capas de metal depositado en el metal básico cuando el electrodo se derrite. Generalmente su grosor es el doble del diámetro del electrodo.

Angulo de trabajo- el ángulo del electrodo con respecto a la línea horizontal, medido en ángulos rectos a la línea de soldar .

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Campbell Hausfeld WS2800 specifications Glosario de Terminología usada por soldadores, Never look at arc

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