Bypass Register
To save time when serially shifting data through registers, it is sometimes advantageous to skip certain chips. The bypass register is a single-bit register that can be placed between the TDI and TDO balls. This allows data to be shifted through the SRAM with minimal delay. The bypass register is set LOW (VSS) when the BYPASS instruction is executed.
Boundary Scan Register
The boundary scan register is connected to all the input and bidirectional balls on the SRAM.
The boundary scan register is loaded with the contents of the RAM input and output ring when the TAP controller is in the Capture-DR state and is then placed between the TDI and TDO balls when the controller is moved to the Shift-DR state. The EXTEST, SAMPLE/PRELOAD, and SAMPLE Z instructions can be used to capture the contents of the input and output ring.
The boundary scan order tables show the order in which the bits are connected. Each bit corresponds to one of the bumps on the SRAM package. The MSB of the register is connected to TDI, and the LSB is connected to TDO.
Identification (ID) Register
The ID register is loaded with a vendor-specific 32-bit code during the Capture-DR state when the IDCODE command is loaded in the instruction register. The IDCODE is hardwired into the SRAM and can be shifted out when the TAP controller is in the Shift-DR state. The ID register has a vendor code and other information described in Identification Register Definitions on page 15.
TAP Instruction Set
Overview
Eight different instructions are possible with the three bit instruction register. All combinations are listed in Identification Codes on page 15. Three of these instructions are listed as RESERVED and must not be used. The other five instructions are described in detail below.
Instructions are loaded into the TAP controller during the Shift-IR state, when the instruction register is placed between TDI and TDO. During this state, instructions are shifted through the instruction register through the TDI and TDO balls. To execute the instruction once it is shifted in, the TAP controller needs to be moved into the Update-IR state.
EXTEST
The EXTEST instruction enables the preloaded data to be driven out through the system output pins. This instruction also selects the boundary scan register to be connected for serial access between the TDI and TDO in the Shift-DR controller state.
IDCODE
The IDCODE instruction causes a vendor-specific 32-bit code to be loaded into the instruction register. It also places the instruction register between the TDI and TDO balls and allows the IDCODE to be shifted out of the device when the TAP controller enters the Shift-DR state.
The IDCODE instruction is loaded into the instruction register upon power up or whenever the TAP controller is given a test logic reset state.
SAMPLE Z
The SAMPLE Z instruction causes the boundary scan register to be connected between the TDI and TDO balls when the TAP controller is in a Shift-DR state. The SAMPLE Z command places all SRAM outputs into a High-Z state.
SAMPLE/PRELOAD
SAMPLE/PRELOAD is a 1149.1 mandatory instruction. When the SAMPLE/PRELOAD instructions are loaded into the instruction register and the TAP controller is in the Capture-DR state, a snapshot of data on the inputs and output pins is captured in the boundary scan register.
The user must be aware that the TAP controller clock can only operate at a frequency up to 20 MHz, while the SRAM clock operates more than an order of magnitude faster. Because there is a large difference in the clock frequencies, it is possible that during the Capture-DR state, an input or output will undergo a transition. The TAP may then try to capture a signal while in transition (metastable state). This will not harm the device, but there is no guarantee as to the value that will be captured. Repeatable results may not be possible.
To guarantee that the boundary scan register will capture the correct value of a signal, the SRAM signal must be stabilized long enough to meet the TAP controller's capture setup plus hold times (tCS and tCH). The SRAM clock input might not be captured correctly if there is no way in a design to stop (or slow) the clock during a SAMPLE/PRELOAD instruction. If this is an issue, it is still possible to capture all other signals and simply ignore the value of the CK and CK captured in the boundary scan register.
Once the data is captured, it is possible to shift out the data by putting the TAP into the Shift-DR state. This places the boundary scan register between the TDI and TDO pins.
PRELOAD allows an initial data pattern to be placed at the latched parallel outputs of the boundary scan register cells prior to the selection of another boundary scan test operation.
The shifting of data for the SAMPLE and PRELOAD phases can occur concurrently when required; that is, while data captured is shifted out, the preloaded data is shifted in.
BYPASS
When the BYPASS instruction is loaded in the instruction register and the TAP is placed in a Shift-DR state, the bypass register is placed between the TDI and TDO balls. The advantage of the BYPASS instruction is that it shortens the boundary scan path when multiple devices are connected together on a board.
EXTEST Output Bus Tri-State
IEEE standard 1149.1 mandates that the TAP controller be able to put the output bus into a tri-state mode.
The boundary scan register has a special bit located at bit #85 (for 119-BGA package) or bit #89 (for 165-fBGA package). When this scan cell, called the “extest output bus tri-state,” is latched into the preload register during the Update-DR state in the TAP controller, it will directly control the state of the output
