WELDING POSITIONS
Welding positions can be categorized into four basic types: flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead. Welding in the flat position is the easiest of all the different types because welding speed can be increased and the molten metal has a less tendency to run, better penetration can be achieved and the work is less fatiguing. Welding is performed with wire at a 45° travel angle and a 45° work angle. Other positions require different welding techniques such as weaving pass, circular pass, or jogging pass. These techniques should only be attempted as the welder’s skills improve over time. Overhead welding is least desirable position as it is the most dangerous and most difficult. Heat setting and wire selections are more critical in this type. The same special requirements are true for horizontal and vertical welding. For specific applications, consult an arc welding technical manual.
ADDITIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS
•ANSI Standard Z49.1: From the American Welding Society.
•Safety and Health Standards: OSHA 29 CFR 1910.
•National Electrical Code: NPFA Standards 51B and 70 from the National fire Protection Association.
•Code For Safety in Welding and Cutting: CSA Standard W117.2, from Canadian Standards Association.
•Safe Practices for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection: ANSI Standard Z87.1 from American National Standards Institute.
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| TROUBLESHOOTING CHART – WELDS |
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SYMPTOM | POSSIBLE CAUSES(S) | CORRECTIVE ACTION | ||
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Bead is | 1. Inconsistent travel | 1. Decrease and maintain constant | ||
intermittently | speed | travel speed | ||
too thin | 2. Output heat setting too low | 2. Increase output heat setting | ||
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Bead is | 1. Slow and/or inconsistent | 1. Increase and maintain travel | ||
intermittently | travel speed | speed | ||
too thick | 2. Output heat setting too high | 2. Reduce output heat setting | ||
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| TROUBLESHOOTING CHART – WELDS |
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SYMPTOM | POSSIBLE CAUSES(S) | CORRECTIVE ACTION | |||
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Ragged | 1. Travel Speed too fast | 1. Decrease travel speed | |||
depressions | |||||
2. Wire speed too fast | 2. Decrease wire speed | ||||
at edge of | |||||
3. Output heat setting too high | 3. Reduce output heat setting | ||||
weld | |||||
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Weld bead | 1. Inconsistent ravel speed | 1. Decrease and maintain constant | |||
| travel speed | ||||
does not |
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2. Output heat setting too low | 2. Increase output heat setting | ||||
penetrate | |||||
3. Extension cord too long | 3. Use an extension cord no longer | ||||
base metal | |||||
| than 20 feet | ||||
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Wire | 1. Damp wire | 1. Use dry wire and store in dry place | |||
2. Wire speed too fast | 2. Reduce wire speed | ||||
sputters | |||||
3. Wrong type of wire | 3. Use FLUX CORE wire only - do not | ||||
and sticks | |||||
| use MIG or copper color wire | ||||
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BELOW ARE SEVERAL DIFFERENT TYPES OF WELD APPEARANCES.
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Normal heat, |
| HEAT TOO |
| WIRE SPEED |
| TRAVEL SPEED | ||
| HIGH |
| TOO SLOW |
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wire speed, |
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| TOO FAST |
travel speed |
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| HEAT TOO |
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| TRAVEL SPEED | |||
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| LOW | WIRE SPEED | TOO SLOW | |||||
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| TOO FAST |
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17 | 18 |
