Application Guide
Alteon OS Application Guide
Contents
Port-based Network Access Control
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol/Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
Part 2 IP Routing
Border Gateway Protocol
Part 3 High Availability Fundamentals
Part 4 Appendices
Alteon OS Application Guide
Figures
3Two trunks, one Failover Trigger
Tables
Alteon OS Application Guide
Who Should Use This Guide
Preface
What You’ll Find in This Guide
Part 1 Basic Switching
Part 3 High Availability Fundamentals
AaBbCc123
Typographic Conventions
How to Get Help
Alteon OS Application Guide 20 Preface
Part 1 Basic Switching
Alteon OS Application Guide
Accessing the Switch
Factory-Default vs. MM assigned IP Addresses
Management module setup
Configuring management module for switch access
Default Gateway
1Switch management on the BladeCenter management module
Alteon OS Application Guide
Enable port EXT7
External management port setup
Configuring the external management interface
Connect to the Switch via SSH
Using Telnet
Bootp Relay Agent
Telnet switch IP address -m-mgt-e-ext7-d-data
# /cfg/l3/if interface number/relay ena
Configuring the Bootp Relay Agent
# /cfg/l3/bootp
Dhcp Relay Agent
Dhcp Relay Agent Configuration
32 Accessing the Switch
Configuring BBI Access via Https
Using the Browser-Based Interface
Configuring BBI Access via Http
TACACS+ Ldap NTP
Cfg/sys/access/https/generate
FDB
Snmp
Using Snmp
Cfg/sys/ssnmp/rcomm Cfg/sys/ssnmp/wcomm
Cfg/sys/ssnmp/trsrc
User Configuration
Default configuration
CLI User equivalent
View based Configurations
SNMPv1 trap host
Configuring Snmp Trap Hosts
Configure a user with no authentication and password
Sys/ssnmp/snmpv3/tparam x/uname
Configure an entry in the notify table
SNMPv3 trap host configuration
SNMPv2 trap host configuration
42 Accessing the Switch
Securing Access to the Switch
Configuring Radius on the Switch
Radius Authentication and Authorization
How Radius Authentication Works
Main# /cfg/sys/radius
Configure the Radius secret
Prisrv
Secsrv
Radius Authentication Features in Alteon OS
Radius Attributes for Alteon OS User Privileges
Switch User Accounts
TACACS+ Authentication Features in Alteon OS
TACACS+ Authentication
How TACACS+ Authentication Works
4Default TACACS+ Authorization Levels
Authorization
Accounting
Command Authorization and Logging
Cfg/sys/tacacs/chpasss
Cfg/sys/tacacs/chpassp
Configure the TACACS+ secret and second secret
Configuring TACACS+ Authentication on the Switch
Apply and save the configuration
Main# /cfg/sys/tacacs+
Configuring the Ldap Server
Ldap Authentication and Authorization
Main# /cfg/sys/ldap
Configuring Ldap Authentication on the Switch
Configure the domain name
Secure Shell and Secure Copy
# /cfg/sys/sshd/on
Configuring SSH/SCP features on the switch
# /cfg/sys/sshd/off
# /cfg/sys/sshd/dis
Using SSH and SCP Client Commands
Configuring the SCP Administrator Password
Ssh 205.178.15.157 Login-name
# scp scpadmin@205.178.15.157getcfg ad4.cfg
SSH and SCP Encryption of Management Messages
To apply and save the configuration
# scp ad4.cfg scpadmin@205.178.15.157putcfg
Cfg/sys/sshd/skeygen
Generating RSA Host and Server Keys for SSH Access
Cfg/sys/sshd/hkeygen
SSH/SCP Integration with TACACS+ Authentication
SSH/SCP Integration with Radius Authentication
Considerations for Configuring End User Accounts
End User Access Control
User Access Control Menu
Strong Passwords
# /cfg/sys/access/user
# /cfg/sys/access/user/uid
# cur
Name user1
Passwd
Logging into an End User Account
# /cfg/sys/access/user/cur
Listing Current Users
Alteon OS Application Guide 42C4911, January
Alteon OS Application Guide 66 Accessing the Switch
Port-based Network Access Control
Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
Port Unauthorized
802.1x Authentication Process
EAPoL Message Exchange
Unauthorized
802.1x Port States
Authorized
Force Unauthorized
Support for Radius Attributes
Supported Radius Attributes
Configuration Guidelines
42C4911, January
VLANs
Overview
Vlan Numbers
VLANs and Port Vlan ID Numbers
Pvid Numbers
Viewing VLANs
Cfg/port INT7/pvid
Viewing and Configuring PVIDs
Alteon OS Application Guide
Vlan Tagging
1Default Vlan settings
2Port-based Vlan assignment
4802.1Q tag assignment
Vlan Topologies and Design Considerations
Vlan configuration rules
Component Description
Example 1 Multiple VLANs with Tagging Adapters
86 VLANs
Protocol-based VLANs
Pvlan Tagging
Port-based vs. Protocol-based VLANs
Pvlan Priority Levels
Configuring Pvlan
Pvlan Configuration Guidelines
Configure the priority value for the protocol
Cfg/l2/vlan
Add member ports for this Pvlan
Configure Vlan tagging for ports
Enable the Pvlan
Info/l2/vlan
Verify Pvlan operation
Alteon OS Application Guide 92 VLANs
Ports and Trunking
1Port Trunk Group
Statistical Load Distribution
Built-In Fault Tolerance
Before you configure static trunks
Trunk group configuration rules
Port Trunking Example
Example below, three ports are trunked between two switches
Repeat the process on the other switch
Info/l2/trunk
Examine the trunking information on each switch
Configurable Trunk Hash Algorithm
Link Aggregation Control Protocol
Admin key
102 Ports and Trunking
Configuring Lacp
Alteon OS Application Guide 104 Ports and Trunking
Spanning Tree Group
1Ports, Trunk Groups, and VLANs
Determining the Path for Forwarding BPDUs
Bridge Protocol Data Units BPDUs
Bridge Priority
Port Priority
Port Path Cost
Spanning Tree Group configuration guidelines
Adding a Vlan to a Spanning Tree Group
Creating a Vlan
Adding and removing ports from STGs
Rules for Vlan Tagged ports
Multiple Spanning Trees
Default Spanning Tree configuration
Switch-Centric Spanning Tree Group
Why Do We Need Multiple Spanning Trees?
2Implementing Multiple Spanning Tree Groups
Vlan Participation in Spanning Tree Groups
Configure the following on application switch a
Configuring Multiple Spanning Tree Groups
Configure the following on GbE Switch Module B
# /cfg/l2/vlan2
# /cfg/l2/vlan3
Configure the following on application switch C
Port Fast Forwarding
Configuring Port Fast Forwarding
# /cfg/port ext1
Fastfwd ena
Fast Uplink Convergence
Configuring Fast Uplink Convergence
# /cfg/l2/upfast ena
# apply
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol/Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
Port State Changes
Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
Port Type and Link Type
Rstp Configuration Guidelines
Edge Port
Link Type
Configure Rapid Spanning Tree
Rstp Configuration Example
Set the Spanning Tree mode to Rapid Spanning Tree
Configure STP Group 1 parameters
Common Internal Spanning Tree
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
Mstp Region
Mstp Configuration Example
Mstp Configuration Guidelines
Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
Assign VLANs to Spanning Tree Groups
Quality of Service
ACL
Quality of Service
Summary of packet classifiers
Using ACL Filters
2Well-Known Application Ports
Understanding ACL Precedence
Summary of ACL Actions
Access Control Lists
Using ACL Groups
ACL Metering and Re-marking
Access Control Groups
Re-Marking
Viewing ACL Statistics
Metering
Configure an Access Control List
ACL Configuration Examples
Example
Add ACL 1 to port EXT1
ACL 3# action deny
Add ACL 3 to port EXT1
ACL 3# ipv4/sip 100.10.1.0
Per Hop Behavior
Using Dscp Values to Provide QoS
Differentiated Services Concepts
Dscp
QoS Levels
Default QoS Service Levels
Dscp Re-marking and Mapping
Enable Dscp re-marking on a port
Dscp Re-marking Configuration Example
Main# cfg/qos/dscp/on
Main# cfg/port EXT1
3Layer 2 802.1q/802.1p Vlan tagged packet
Using 802.1p Priorities to Provide QoS
Configure a port’s default 802.1p priority
802.1p Configuration Example
Queuing and Scheduling
Port EXT1# 8021ppri
Part 2 IP Routing
142 42C4911, January
Basic IP Routing
IP Routing Benefits
1The Router Legacy Network
Routing Between IP Subnets
2Switch-Based Routing Topology
Alteon OS Application Guide
1Subnet Routing Example IP Address Assignments
Example of Subnet Routing
# ../if
# /cfg/l3/if
# addr
Add the switch ports to their respective VLANs
Using VLANs to Segregate Broadcast Domains
Vlan 3# /cfg/l3/if
Add each IP interface to the appropriate Vlan
Vlan
# /info/vlan
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Dhcp Relay Agent
Dhcp Relay Agent Configuration
Stability
Routing Information Protocol
Distance Vector Protocol
RIPv2
Routing Updates
RIPv1
RIP Features
RIPv2 in RIPv1 compatibility mode
Triggered updates
Poison
Default
RIP Configuration Example
Authentication
Metric
Add IP interfaces to VLANs
Turn on RIP globally and enable RIP for each interface
Add VLANs for routing interfaces
42C4911, January
Igmp
Igmp Snooping
Configure Igmp Snooping
Igmp Snooping Configuration Example
Add VLANs to Igmp Snooping and enable the feature
View dynamic Igmp information
Apply, verify, and save the configuration
Configure a Static Multicast Router
Static Multicast Router
Cfg/l3/igmp/mrouter
Igmp Relay
Configure an IP interface and assign VLANs
Configure Igmp Relay
Enable Igmp Relay and add VLANs to the downstream network
Configure the upstream Mrouters
Multicast Router Apply
Configuring the Range
Additional Igmp Features
FastLeave
Igmp Filtering
Configure Igmp Filtering
Configuring the Action
Enable Igmp Filtering on the switch
Define an Igmp filter
Filt ena
Assign the Igmp filter to a port
Border Gateway Protocol
1iBGP and eBGP
Internal Routing Versus External Routing
Forming BGP Peer Routers
# /cfg/l3/rmap
What is a Route Map?
Incoming and Outgoing Route Maps
2Distributing Network Filters in Access Lists and Route Maps
Define network filter
Configuration Overview
Precedence
Set up the BGP attributes
Optional Configure the attributes in the AS filter menu
Enable the route map
Assign the route map to a peer router
Aggregating Routes
Redistributing Routes
Metric Multi-Exit Discriminator Attribute
BGP Attributes
Local Preference Attribute
Selecting Route Paths in BGP
3BGP Failover Configuration Example
BGP Failover Configuration
Define the IP interfaces
Enable IP forwarding
Define the VLANs
On the switch, apply and save your configuration changes
Configure BGP peer router 1
# /cfg/l3/bgp
Default Redistribution and Route Aggregation Example
Configure aggregation policy control
Configure internal peer router 1 and external peer router
Configure redistribution for Peer
Ospf
Types of Ospf Areas
Ospf Overview
Nssa
2OSPF Domain and an Autonomous System
Types of Ospf Routing Devices
Link-State Database
Neighbors and Adjacencies
Internal Versus External Routing
Shortest Path First Tree
Ospf Implementation in Alteon OS
Configurable Parameters
Assigning the Area Index
Defining Areas
Attaching an Area to a Network
Using the Area ID to Assign the Ospf Area Number
Summarizing Routes
Electing the Designated Router and Backup
Interface Cost
# /cfg/l3/ospf/default metric value metric type 1 or
Default Routes
# /cfg/l3/ospf/aindex area index/type transit
Virtual Links
Router ID
Authentication
# /cfg/l3/ospf/if
Enable Ospf authentication for Area 0 on switches 1, 2,
Enable Ospf MD5 authentication for Area 0 on switches 1, 2,
Enable Ospf authentication for Area 2 on switch
Configure MD5 key ID for Area 0 on switches 1, 2,
Assign MD5 key ID to Ospf interfaces on switches 1, 2,
Host Routes for Load Balancing
Assign MD5 key ID to Ospf virtual link on switches 2
Ospf Features Not Supported in This Release
Optional Configure the router ID
Ospf Configuration Examples
Configure IP interfaces
# enable
Enable Ospf
Example 1 Simple Ospf Domain
# /cfg/l3/if # addr
Define the backbone
Apply and save the configuration changes
Define the stub area
Attach the network interface to the backbone
Configure the router ID
Configuring Ospf for a Virtual Link on Switch #1
Example 2 Virtual Links
IP # /cfg/l3/ospf/on
Attach the network interface to the transit area
Configure the virtual link
Define the transit area
# ../aindex
Configuring Ospf for a Virtual Link on Switch #2
Other Virtual Link Options
7Summarizing Routes
Example 3 Summarizing Routes
# ena
36.128.200.0
Verifying Ospf Configuration
36.128.192.0
Alteon OS Application Guide 214 Ospf
Part 3 High Availability Fundamentals
216 42C4911, January
High Availability
Vlan Monitor
Layer 2 Failover
Spanning Tree Protocol
Setting the Failover Limit
L2 Failover with Other Features
InternetI t t
L2 Failover Configurations
2Two trunks, each in a different Failover Trigger
3Two trunks, one Failover Trigger
# /cfg/failovr/on
Configuring Trunk Failover
Configure Failover parameters
Vrrp Components
Vrrp Overview
Virtual Router
Virtual Router MAC Address
Virtual Interface Router
Master and Backup Virtual Router
Selecting the Master Vrrp Router
Vrrp Operation
Failover Methods
4A Non-VRRP, Hot-Standby Configuration
5Active-Active Redundancy
Active-Active Redundancy
Virtual Router Group
Hot-Standby Redundancy
Tracking Vrrp Router Priority
Alteon OS extensions to Vrrp
Assigning Vrrp Virtual Router ID
Configuring the Switch for Tracking
Virtual Router Deployment Considerations
232 High Availability
Active-Active Configuration
High Availability Configurations
Configure client and server interfaces
Task 1 Configure GbESM
Turn off Spanning Tree Protocol globally
Turn on Vrrp and configure two Virtual Interface Routers
Configure ports
Task 2 Configure GbESM
Cfg/l3/vrrp/vr
Hot-Standby Configuration
8Hot-Standby Configuration
Enable Vrrp Hot Standby
Configure Virtual Interface Routers
Router Group# track/ports enaEnable tracking on ports
242 High Availability
Part 4 Appendices
244 42C4911, January
Troubleshooting
Figure A-1Monitoring Ports
Monitoring Ports
Layer 2 Port Mirroring
Port Mirroring behavior
248 Appendix a Troubleshooting
Layer 3 Port Mirroring Both Ports in Different GEAs
/info/geaport command
Enable port mirroring
Configuring Port Mirroring
Specify the monitoring port
Select the ports that you want to mirror
PortMirroring # cur
View the current configuration
Radius Server Configuration Notes
@alteon.dct
Translation
Glossary
Vrid Virtual Router
Numerics
Index
Icmp
188
Snmp