Pentax K-7 Aperture and Depth of Field

Opening the aperture (reduce the aperture value)

Objects closer and farther than the focused subject will be more out of focus. For instance, if you take a picture of a flower against a landscape with the aperture open, the landscape in front and behind the flower will be blurred, emphasizing only the flower.

Closing the aperture (increase the aperture value)

The range in focus expands forward and backward. For instance, if you take a picture of a flower against a landscape with the aperture narrowed, the landscape in front and behind the flower will be in focus.

Aperture and Depth of Field

The following table summarizes how the aperture affects the depth of field. The depth of field may also change depending on the lens used and the distance to the subject.

Aperture	Open		Close

	(Smaller value)		(Larger value)

Depth of field	Shallow		Deep

Area of focus	Narrow		Wide


Lens focal length	Longer		Shorter

	(Telephoto)		(Wide-angle)


Distance to the	Near		Far
subject

•The depth of field for the Qdiffers depending on the lens but compared to a 35 mm camera, the value is roughly one aperture setting lower (the focused range becomes narrower).

•The wider the wide-angle lens, and the farther away the subject, the deeper the depth of field is (some zoom lenses do not have a scale for depth of field because of their designs).

89

4 ShootingFunctions

Contents

Operating Manual Page FOR USING YOUR CAMERA SAFELY ABOUT THE CAMERA About the Battery Charger and AC Adapter About the Battery About the SD Memory Card Care to be Taken During Handling Before Using Your Camera About the Battery and Charger Precautions on Carrying and Using Your Camera Cleaning Your Camera Storing Your Camera Other Precautions Contents Before Using Your Camera Getting Started Basic Operations Shooting Functions Using the Flash Shooting Settings Playback Functions Processing Images Changing Additional Settings Appendix Composition of the Operating Manual Page 1 Before Using Your Camera 14QCharacteristics Shake Reduction (SR) 16Checking the Contents of the Package Names and Functions of Working Parts Capture Mode 1m button 2obutton 3Shutter release button 4Main switch 8Mode dial lock button 9Mode dial 0Metering mode switching lever a|button bFocus mode lever lFour-waycontroller (2345) m3button Playback Mode 2Shutter release button 3Main switch 4Front e-dial(R) 5ibutton 6Q button 22Display Indicators Capture Mode 1/ 2000 F2.8 [1234] Page Playback Mode Page Page Page Using the Histogram Operation guide When holding the camera vertically Viewfinder Page LCD Panel 34How to Change Function Settings Using the Control Panel 1 Check the status screen and then press the Mbutton F2.8 3 Use the front e-dial(R) or rear e-dial(S) to change the setting 4 Press the 3button Using the Menus 1 Press the 3button in Capture mode 3 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to choose an item 4 Press the four-waycontroller (5) Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select a setting 6 Press the 4button Using the Mode Dial Page 2 Getting Started 42Attaching the Strap Using the Battery Charging the Battery Inserting/Removing the Battery Open the battery cover 3 Close the battery cover (4) and turn the battery cover unlock knob towards CLOSE (5) to lock Battery Level Indicator Approximate Image Storage Capacity and Playback Time (Battery Fully Charged) Using the AC Adapter (Optional) 1 Make sure that the camera is turned off 2 Open the terminal cover Connect the AC plug cord to the AC adapter Plug the AC cord into the power outlet Inserting/Removing the SD Memory Card 4 Close the card cover (3) and then slide it in the direction of the arrow (4) Recorded Pixels and Quality Level When the File Format is JPEG When the File Format is RAW Remove the body mount cover ) and lens mount cover Align the Lens mount index (red dots; Attaching the Lens 4 Remove the front lens cap by pushing the indicated portions inward Adjusting the Viewfinder Diopter 56Turning the Camera On and Off Initial Settings 2 Press the 4button 3 Press the four-waycontroller (3) 5 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select a city 6 Press the four-waycontroller (3) 7 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select Oor P. 8 Press the 4button Press the 4button Use the four-waycontroller (3) to select [Settings complete] 13 Press the 4button Press the 3button once to display the guides on the monitor Press the button once controller (5) Use the controller (23) to choose the date format Setting the Date and Time 3 Press the four-waycontroller (5) Press the four-waycontroller (3) Press the four-waycontroller (5) Use the four-waycontroller (23) to set the month 3 Basic Operations 64Basic Shooting Operation When the Camera is not Level Letting the Camera Choose the Optimal Settings 1 Set the mode dial to B 2 Set the focus mode lever to l 3 Look through the viewfinder to view the subject 4 Position the subject inside the AF frame and press the shutter release button halfway 5 Press the shutter release button fully 6 Review the captured image on the monitor Operating the shutter release button Subjects that are Difficult to Focus on Using a Zoom Lens 72Using the Built-inFlash Page Using Built-inFlash 1 Press the Ebutton 2 Press the shutter release button halfway 3 Press the shutter release button fully 4 Push down on the portion indicated in the illustration to retract the flash Using Red-eyeReduction Flash Daylight-SyncShooting Compensating Flash Output Allowing Shooting while Charging Flash 78Playing Back Images Deleting Images 2Press the ibutton 3 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Delete] 4 Press the 4button Page 4 Shooting Functions 82How to Operate the Shooting Functions Rec. Mode Menu Setting Items Page Custom Setting Menu Setting Items Page Page 88Setting the Exposure Aperture and Depth of Field Setting the Sensitivity 1 Turn the rear e-dial(S) while pressing the obutton in Capture mode 2 Take your finger off the obutton and rear e-dial(S) Setting the Range of Automatic Sensitivity Correction 5 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [AUTO ISO Parameters] 6 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select the parameter 7 Press the 3button twice Expanding the Dynamic Range Noise Reduction Changing the Exposure Mode Program Line Using a Lens with an Aperture Ring Using the B(Green) Mode Using the e(Hyper-program)Mode 1 Set the mode dial to e 2 Confirm the shutter speed and aperture 1/ 125 F5.6 e-dialin Program Using the K(Sensitivity Priority) Mode 1 Set the mode dial to K 2 Turn the rear e-dial(S) to adjust the sensitivity 1/ 30 F4.5 e-dialin Kmode Using the b(Shutter Priority) Mode 1 Set the mode dial to b 2 Turn the front e-dial(R) to adjust the shutter speed Exposure Warning e-dialin bmode Using the c(Aperture Priority) Mode 1 Set the mode dial to c 2 Turn the rear e-dial(S) to adjust the aperture e-dialin cMode Using the L(Shutter & Aperture Priority) Mode 1 Set the mode dial to L 3 Turn the rear e-dial(S) to adjust the aperture F4.5 e-dialin L& aModes Green Button in L& a Using a(Hyper-manual)Mode 1 Set the mode dial to a 2 Press the |(Green) button 3 Turn the front e-dial(R) to adjust the shutter speed 4 Turn the rear e-dial(S) to adjust the aperture EV Bar Combining with L Using the p(Bulb) Mode 1 Set the mode dial to p Bulb F5.6 2 Press the shutter release button e-dialin p& Mmodes Using the M(Flash X-SyncSpeed) Mode 1 Set the mode dial to M Selecting the Metering Method 1 Turn the metering mode switching lever Using the Multi-SegmentMetering Linking AE to AF Point during Multi-Segment Metering Using the Center-WeightedMetering Using the Spot Metering Setting the Meter Operating Time Adjusting the Exposure 1 Turn the rear e-dial(S) while pressing the m button EV Compensation for aand Mmodes Changing the Exposure Steps Locking the Exposure Before Shooting (AE Lock) 1 Press the Lbutton Shooting While the Exposure is Automatically Changed 118Focusing 2 Look through the viewfinder and press the shutter release button halfway Using the =Button to Focus on the Subject 1 Select [Enable AF] in [13. AF Button Function] in the [ACustom Setting 2] menu 2 Press the =button AF Adjustment [36. AF Adjustment] in the Custom Setting 6] menu and press the controller (23) to select [On] and press the 5 Press the 4button 6 Press the 3button 7 Take a test picture Selecting the Focusing Area (AF Point) Setting the Focus Position in the Viewfinder 1 Set the AF point switching dial to j 2 Look through the viewfinder and check the position of the subject 4 Use the four-waycontroller (2345) to select the desired AF point Fixing the Focus (Focus Lock) 1 Turn the focus mode lever to l 2 Frame the desired composition for your picture in the viewfinder 4 Lock the focus Locking Exposure when Focus is Locked Adjusting the Focus Manually (Manual Focus) Using the Focus Indicator 1 Turn the focus mode lever to Using the Viewfinder Matte Field Shooting in Catch-inFocus Mode Selecting the Preview Method Checking the Composition, Exposure and Focus Before Shooting (Preview) 6 Press the 3button twice Displaying the Optical Preview 2 Turn the main switch to | while looking through the viewfinder 3 Take your finger off the main switch Displaying the Digital Preview 132Preventing Camera Shake during Shutter Release Page Page When the Focal Length Cannot Be Automatically Detected Shooting with the Self-timer 1 Mount the camera onto a tripod 2 Press the four-waycontroller (2) in Capture mode to select g 6 Press the shutter release button halfway 7 Press the shutter release button fully Shooting with the Remote Control (Optional) Mount the camera onto a tripod Press the four-waycontroller (2) in Capture mode Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select h Press the shutter release button halfway Page controller (3) and use the controller (45) to select controller (2) in Capture mode Shooting with the Mirror Lock-upFunction Press the shutter release button fully again Taking Pictures Continuously Interval Shooting 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Interval] 3 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Number of Shots] 4 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Start Interval] Press the shutter release button Multi-exposure 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Number of Shots] 7 Take a picture 148Shooting while Adjusting the Settings (Auto Bracket) Shooting while the Exposure is Automatically Changed (Exposure Bracketing) 4 Turn the front e-dial(R) to set the number of shots 5 Turn the rear e-dial(S) to set the EV compensation value 7 Press the shutter release button halfway 8 Press the shutter release button fully Taking Only Overexposed or Underexposed Pictures Shooting while Adjusting Other Settings (Extended Bracketing) 2 Press the four-waycontroller (5) 5 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Bracketing Amount] and press the four-waycontroller (5) 6 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select the bracketing amount 7 Press the 4button 8 Press the 3button twice 9 Take the picture Taking Pictures Using Digital Filter 2 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select a filter Page 156Shooting with the Live View Taking Still Pictures Taking a Still Picture 1 Set the exposure mode 2 Press the Ubutton 3 Position the subject on the monitor and press the = button 4 Press the shutter release button fully Recording Movies Changing the Movie Settings 4 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Quality Level] 9 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Movie Aperture Control] 11 Press the 4button Turn off the camera 12 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Shake Reduction] 13 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select kor l 14 Press the 3button twice 3 Turn the camera on Recording Movies 1 Set the mode dial to C 2 Position the subject on the monitor and press the = button 4 Press the shutter release button again Playing Back Movies 2 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to choose a movie to play back 3 Press the four-waycontroller (2) Capturing a Still Picture from a Movie 2 Press the Lbutton 3 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as] 5 Using the Flash 168Flash Characteristics in Each Exposure Mode Take the picture Select Eor Fand press the Set the mode dial to b, Lor a controller (3) Using b/L/amode Using the Trailing Curtain Sync Set the mode dial to any mode other than B, Mor C Select Ior kand press the 4button Press the Ebutton Distance and Aperture when Using the Built-inFlash 172Lens Compatibility with the Built-inFlash Using an External Flash (Optional) Remove the cover of the hot shoe and attach the external flash Turn on the camera and the external flash About the Display Panel for AF360FGZ Using P-TTLAuto Mode 4 Confirm that the external flash is fully charged and then take the picture Set the exposure mode to bor a Using High-SpeedFlash Sync Mode 4 Set the external flash sync mode to HSb (High-speedflash sync) 5 Confirm that the external flash is fully charged and then take the picture Using in Wireless Mode Setting the Channel for the External Flash on the Camera 1 Set the channel for the external flash unit 2 Remove the cover of the hot shoe and attach the external flash Using the Built-inFlash Wirelessly 1 Press the four-waycontroller (3) 2 Select rand press the 4 button Changing the Built-inFlash Discharge Method Set the flash mode of the camera to r, and press the E button Confirm that both flashes are fully charged and then take the picture Wireless Shooting 3 Confirm that both flashes are fully charged and then take the picture Wireless Flash Control (P-TTLFlash Mode) Red-EyeReduction Trailing Curtain Sync Connecting an External Flash with an Extension Cord Multiple Flash Shooting Using Extension Cords Contrast-Control-SyncFlash Connect the external flash to the camera indirectly. (p.180) Set the sync mode for the external flash to the Contrast- Control-Syncmode Set the exposure mode to e, b, cor a X-syncSocket Page 6 Shooting Settings 186Setting the File Format Setting the JPEG Quality Level 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select the quality level Setting the File Format Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select a file format Press the 3button Setting the RAW File Format Setting the RAW Button Function 2 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select Oor Pfor [Cancel after 1 shot] 3 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to choose a file format Press the 3button twice Setting the White Balance 1 Press the four-waycontroller (4) in Capture mode 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select the white balance Fine-tuningthe White Balance 3 Fine-tunethe white balance Select K/K in Step 2 on and press the Adjusting the White Balance Manually 8 Press the 4button 9 Press the 4button Select K/K in Step 2 of Adjusting the White Balance with Color Temperature Adjust the color temperature with the front or rear e-dial Color Temperature Saving the White Balance Setting of a Captured Image Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Save] and press the 4button Correcting Images Adjusting the Brightness HDR Capture 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Off], [Standard], or [Strong] Lens Correction Page Adjusting the Composition 3 Adjust the composition Page Setting the Image Finishing Tone (Custom Image) to choose the image tone mode 4 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to change the setting Storing Frequently Used Settings Checking the Saved USER Settings Using Saved USER Settings 1 Set the mode dial to A 2 Change the settings as necessary 3 Take a picture Changing the Settings Resetting to Default Settings 7 Playback Functions 212Playback Functions Operation Playback Menu Setting Items 214Enlarging Images Playback 1] Setting the Playback Display Method to select Oor Pfor [Bright/Dark Area] Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Quick Zoom] 216Displaying Multiple Images Displaying Images by Folder Select the folder you want to display Displaying Images by Shooting Date (Calendar display) 1 In the multi-imagedisplay screen, press the Mbutton 2 Press the Mbutton again controller (23) to select a layout and press the controller (2345) to select p(Index) and press the controller (3) in Playback mode Joining Multiple Images (Index) Page Page 222Slideshow Starting the Slideshow 2 Stop the slideshow Rotating Images 226Comparing Images Deleting Multiple Images 4 Press the ibutton 5 Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Select&Delete] Deleting a Folder 1 Turn the rear e-dial(S) two clicks to the left (toward f) in Playback mode Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Delete] Deleting All Images 2 Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Delete All Images] Protecting Images from Deletion (Protect) Protecting All Images 1 Select [All Images] in Step 3 on p.231 and press the 4 button 2 Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Protect] and press the Connecting the Camera to AV Equipment 4 Turn the AV device and camera on Selecting the Video Output Format 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [NTSC] or [PAL] Connecting the Camera to an HDMI Terminal 2 Open the terminal cover and connect the HDMI cable to the HDMI terminal 3 Connect the other end of the HDMI cable to the HDMI IN jack on the AV device Selecting the HDMI Output Format 2 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select the HDMI output format 8 Processing Images 238Changing the Image Size 7 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as] Cutting Out Part of the Image (Cropping) 4 Specify the size and position of the area to crop by using cropping frame Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as] Processing Images with Digital Filters Page Select an image for applying the digital filter in Playback mode Applying the Digital Filter 4 Use the four-waycontroller (2345) to select a filter and press the 4button Recreating Filter Effects Select a filter-processedimage in Playback mode Select [Digital Filter] in the playback mode palette (23) to select [Recreating filter effects] and press the 4 button Page Searching for the Original Image Developing RAW Images 6 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as] and press the 4button (23) to select [Exit] and press Developing Multiple RAW Images Select [Developing Selected Images] in Step 4 on p.247 and press the 4button Press the Lbutton to select [Develop images as shot] or [Develop images with modified settings] 5 Set [File Format], [Recorded Pixels] and [Quality Level] Specifying the Parameters Use the four-waycontroller (45) to change the value 4 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Save as] and press the 4button 252Readjusting Images Shot in JPEG Format 9 Changing Additional Settings 254How to Operate the Set-upMenu Page 256Formatting the SD Memory Card Setting the Beep, Date and Time, and Display Language Changing the Date Display Setting the World Time Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select X (Destination) or W (Hometown) for [Setting the Time] 3 Press the four-waycontroller (23) 5 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select a destination city 6 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [DST] 7 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select Oor P 9 Press the 3button twice List of World Time Cities Page 262Adjusting the Monitor and the Menu Display controller (23) to select [Display Color] 2 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select Oor P 4 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select from the six display colors 5 Press the 3button twice Setting the Display for Instant Review 4 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Histogram] or [Bright/Dark Area] Use the four-waycontroller (45) to select Oor P Adjusting the Brightness of the Monitor 2 Use the four-waycontroller (45) to adjust the brightness Adjusting the Color of the Monitor Setting the Electronic Level Display Select [Electronic Level] in the [ARec. Mode 3] menu Setting the Folder Name/File Number Naming Convention Setting the File Name 3 Change the text Resetting the File Name 1 Select [Reset File Name] in Step 2 on p.268 and press the 2 Press the 3button twice 270Setting the Power Setting Page 6 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select the AA battery type controller (23) to select [Single Image] or [All Images] and press the controller (2345) to select (DPOF) and press the Setting the DPOF Settings When [Single Image] is selected in Step 3, use the four-way controller (45) to select an image to set DPOF settings 6 Turn the rear e-dial(S) to select Oor Pfor printing the date Setting USB Connection Mode MSC and PTP Setting the Photographer Information Saved to Exif 6 Use the four-waycontroller (23) to select [Copyright Holder] and enter the text in the same way as [Photographer] Setting the Color Space 280Correcting Defective Pixels in the CMOS Sensor (Pixel Mapping) Selecting Settings to Save in the Camera (Memory) 4 Press the 3button twice 10Appendix 284Default Settings Page Page Page Page Page Resetting the Menu Resetting Rec. Mode/Playback/Set-upMenu 1 Select [Reset] in the [RSet-up3] menu and press the four- way controller (5) Resetting the Custom Menu 1 Select [Reset Custom Functions] in the [ACustom Page 292Functions Available with Various Lens Combinations Lens names and mount names Lenses and accessories that cannot be used with this camera Lens and Built-inFlash Notes on [37. Using Aperture Ring] Cleaning the CMOS Sensor Detecting Dust on the CMOS Sensor (Dust Alert) Select [Dust Alert] in the Removing Dust with a Blower Turn the camera off and remove the lens Turn the camera on 4 Press the four-waycontroller (2) to select [Mirror Up] and press the 4button 5 Clean the CMOS sensor Attach the lens after the mirror returns to its original position Optional Accessories Flash Accessories For Viewfinder Interchangeable Focusing Screen Cable Switch CS-205 Remote Control F Camera Case/Strap Imagesensor Cleaning Kit O-ICK1 Others Error Messages Page Troubleshooting307 Page Main Specifications Page Page Page Page 314Glossary Page Page Page Page Index Page Page Page Page Page Page 326WARRANTY POLICY