5
3.9 Harmonic distortion
1
U
3 |
|
5 |
|
7 |
|
9 |
|
π | 2π |
0
Fig. 123. Lamp voltage wave form constructed by the odd harmonics from one to nine, according to the formula:
f(t) = 4U/π (sinω t + 1/3sin3ω t + 1/5sin5ω t + ....).
The second reason for the presence of harmonics in the lamp current is the hysteresis of the ballast coil.With the aid of the relationship between ballast voltage and ballast current
The impedance of the coil becomes higher for higher frequencies, so in practice only odd harmonics up to the seventh are of any importance for the lamp current.
Practical values in percentage of the fundamental for most inductively stabilised discharge lamps are:
fundamental: | 100 % |
third harmonic: | 10 % |
fifth harmonic: | 3 % |
seventh harmonic: | 2 % |
ninth and higher harmonics: | 1 % or lower |
When the supply voltage contains harmonics, these values can change somewhat, but the ballast coil prevents dramatic increases.
B,Φ,V |
|
| B,Φ,V |
| H,i |
H,i | t |
|
Fig. 124. Hysteresis cur ve of a typical
129