5

3.18

Circuit breakers, fusing and earth leakage

The same applies to main circuit breakers (MCB’s).Although the switching characteristics of MCB types are laid down in recommendations like CEE-19-2ndedition, the various characteristics of different types and brands can differ considerably.

Circuit breakers are tested and calibrated to carry 100 per cent of their rated current in open air at a specified temperature, normally 25 ºC. When mounted in an enclosure, the ambient temperature may be higher.As a result, circuit breakers are permitted continuously to carry only 80 per cent of their current rating.The manufacturer’s technical information should be carefully reviewed to determine the exact capabilities of a specific breaker.

Main circuit breakers work on two principles:

1)The thermal part, being a bi-metal strip, which is heated by the passing current.The switching-off characteristic is similar to that of a fuse and is influenced by time and current value. It is effective after approx. minimum 2 to 5 seconds for the smaller overload currents.

2)The electromagnetic part, being a magnet coil, which is effective for the high overload currents and reacts within milliseconds (see Fig. 140).

switching time (s)

switching time (s)

Fig. 140. Switching characteristics of various types of main circuit breakers.

10000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1000

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

100

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

L-

 

curve

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

U-

curve

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

K-

curve

 

 

.01

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.001

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.5

1

2

3

5

7

10

20

30

50

70

100

200 300

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

multiple of nominal current

10000 1000 100

10

1

.1 0

.01 0

 

 

 

 

B

 

 

C

 

D

 

 

1

.5

2

3

4

5

6

8

10

15

20

30

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

multiple of nominal current

According to CEE-19-2ndedition (L, U and K)

According to EN 60898 / VDE 0641 (B, C and D)

For lighting applications the less sensitive types of circuit breakers are advised, such as the U-, K-, C- or D types.

Taking the 10 A MCB type C as a reference (with a load assumed to be 1), then the other types can handle loads as shown in the following table:

C-type

B-type

L-type

U-type

K-type

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10 A

16 A

10 A

16 A

10 A

16 A

10 A

16 A

10 A

16 A

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

1.6

0.6

1

0.7

1.1

1.3

2.1

1.5

2.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

146

Page 39 Page 41
Page 40
Image 40
Philips Electromagnetic Lamp 146, Main circuit breakers work on two principles, According to CEE-19-2ndedition L, U and K
Page 39 Page 41

Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

The durability of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is another significant characteristic. Built with robust materials, it is designed to withstand various environmental conditions. Whether exposed to heat, moisture, or dust, this lamp guarantees longevity and reliable performance. Additionally, its resistance to temperature fluctuations makes it ideal for a range of settings, including industrial environments where resilience is essential.

In terms of versatility, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp shines brightly. It is available in multiple wattages and color temperatures, enabling users to select the perfect lighting for different spaces. From warm white shades ideal for cozy home environments to cooler, brighter options suited for workspaces, this lamp adapts to individual needs and preferences.

Moreover, the lamp incorporates advanced light distribution technology. This ensures an even spread of light without dark spots or harsh glares, enhancing visibility and comfort. It is particularly beneficial for large areas needing uniform illumination, such as warehouses, parking lots, and public areas.

Another key feature is its compatibility with smart lighting systems. Many models of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp can connect to smart home platforms, allowing for remote control, scheduling, and automation. This modern integration enhances user convenience and promotes energy savings by enabling users to optimize their lighting usage according to their routines.

In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
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