5

1.4 Types of ballasts

The most important value for stabilisation is the ballast impedance. It is expressed as voltage/current ratio in ohm (Ω ) and defined for a certain mains voltage, mains frequency and calibration current (normally the nominal lamp current).

Chokes can be used for virtually all discharge lamps, provided that one condition is fulfilled: the mains voltage should be about twice the arc voltage of the lamp. If the mains voltage is too low, another type of circuit should be used, like the autoleak or constant-wattage circuits.

The advantages of a choke coil are:

- the wattage losses are low in comparison to those of a resistor,

- it is a simple circuit: the ballast is connected in series with the lamp.

Disadvantages of a choke coil are:

- the current in a lamp with choke circuit exhibits a phase shift with respect to the applied voltage, the current lagging behind the voltage (see also section 5.3.4: Power factor correction).

- a high starting current: in inductive circuits the starting current is about 1.5 times the rated current.

- sensitivity to mains voltage fluctuations: variations in the mains voltage cause variations in the current through the lamp.

1

5

Ballast specification and marking

There are two ways of selecting the right ballast for a certain lamp and/or to compare various ballasts:

1) the ballast marking,

2) the manufacturer’s documentation.

As all ballasts have to comply with the norm IEC 920/921 some data has to be marked on the ballast and other data can be mentioned in the documentation.

On the ballast can be found:

- marks of origin, such as the manufacturer’s name or trade mark, model or reference number, country of origin, production date code,

- rated supply voltage and frequency, nominal ballast current(s), - type(s) of lamp with rated wattage,

- type(s) of ignitor with wiring diagram and peak voltage if this

exceeds 1500 V,

 

- tw and Δt (see section 5.1.6),

 

- max. cross-section of mains or lamp cable; e.g. 4

means 4 mm2,

- symbols of the officially recognised certification institutes, such as VDE, SEMKO, SEV, KEMA, if applicable; CE marking for safety,

- in case of an independent ballast: the symbol ; an independent ballast is a ballast which is intended to be mounted separately outside a luminaire and without any additional enclosure,

- a symbol like

top if there are mounting restrictions,

- F-marking

if the ballast fulfils the IEC F-requirements; that means

it is suitable to be mounted directly on normally flammable surfaces,

- TS, P-marking

or

 

 

if the ballast is thermally protected

(* = thermo-switch temperature in degrees Celsius),

 

 

 

- indication of terminals: L for single phase, N for neutral,

 

 

 

for

 

 

 

 

protective earth (PE),

 

 

 

for functional earth,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

110

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Philips Electromagnetic Lamp manual Ballast specification and marking, 110
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Electromagnetic Lamp specifications

The Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a transformative lighting solution that enhances both indoor and outdoor spaces. Designed to integrate cutting-edge technology with energy efficiency, this lamp offers a range of features tailored for diverse applications, from residential to commercial use.

One of the primary features of the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is its powerful electromagnetic technology. This technology allows for efficient energy conversion, resulting in superior light output while consuming minimal electricity. The lamp is engineered to provide a high lumen per watt ratio, making it an environmentally friendly choice for those looking to reduce their carbon footprint without compromising on brightness.

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In conclusion, the Philips Electromagnetic Lamp is a perfect blend of efficiency, durability, and advanced technology. Its electromagnetic capabilities, long-lasting construction, diverse options, and smart compatibility make it an outstanding choice for anyone seeking a sustainable lighting solution without compromising on performance.
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