The chart on page 20 lists the various grits and materials used and lists the grit symbols. It is generally better to start with a slightly coarser abrasive than would seem practical because it will give faster material removal, generate less heat, and will sand more freely. As it dulls, it will tend to act like a finer abrasive.

Too often, the user will expect one belt or disc to take care of all situations; however, the materials to be sanded, the desired finish and the amount of material to be removed all have an effect on the selection grade of grit, abrasive material and construction. Contact suppliers of abrasive belts and discs for recommendations on the work to be done.

Types of Operations

Flat surface sanding is demonstrated in Figure 24, where the major surface is sanded in a flat plane.

Edge sanding is a common type of long surface sanding that can be done using the fence. See Figure 25.

Edge sanding and flat surface sanding can also be done with the belt arm in a vertical position, by using the fence assembly as a table.

Miters and compound miter cuts can be sanded using the table and the miter gauge. Special fixtures can also be designed to use on the table for circular and form sanding.

Contour sanding can be done using the idler pulley with the end guard swung down. See Figure 26.

Always swing the end guard back into position and fasten it down immediately after the completion of any operation that required the end guard to be moved out of position.

Keep in mind that abrasive sanding develops heat, so burns can occur on wood if you try to remove material too fast. With metal, it may be necessary to have a container of water nearby to keep the workpiece cool enough to hold it by hand.

Flat surface and contour sanding can be done in the horizontal, 45-degree, and vertical position of the belt arm. To change position, pull out the index pin and swing arm to the desired position, then release index pin (see Figure 19).

Figure 24

Figure 25

Figure 26

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Powermatic 31A operating instructions Types of Operations
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31A specifications

The Powermatic 31A is a high-performance 12" planer that has become a favorite among woodworkers and craft enthusiasts alike. Renowned for its powerful features and robust design, the 31A stands out in the woodworking community for its ability to deliver precision and efficiency in planing wood.

One of the key features of the Powermatic 31A is its 3 HP motor, which provides ample power for handling a wide range of hardwoods and softwoods. The motor is designed to run smoothly and quietly, reducing vibration during operation, which is essential for achieving fine finishes. The combination of power and stability allows users to tackle even the most challenging jobs with ease.

The machine is equipped with a 12" wide cutter head that utilizes four high-speed steel knives, which are known for their superior cutting capabilities. This allows for a smooth, even finish and reduces the amount of sanding required afterward. The adjustable infeed and outfeed tables are another notable feature, providing support for long workpieces and ensuring accuracy throughout the planing process.

In addition to its mechanical prowess, the Powermatic 31A boasts a quick elevation mechanism that allows users to make rapid adjustments to the height of the cutter head. This feature enhances efficiency and allows for easy transitions between different thicknesses of wood. The inclusion of a hinged cover also allows for quick access to the cutter head for maintenance and knife replacement, minimizing downtime.

The built-in dust collection system is another notable characteristic of the Powermatic 31A. This system helps to keep the workspace clean and safe by efficiently removing sawdust and debris, thereby ensuring that the work environment remains tidy and reducing the risk of respiratory issues caused by wood dust.

Moreover, the heavy-duty cast iron construction of the Powermatic 31A enhances its stability during operation, contributing to a better cutting experience. The robust design also ensures longevity, making it a reliable choice for both professional woodworkers and hobbyists.

With precision engineering and advanced technologies, the Powermatic 31A melds power and functionality, making it an indispensable tool for anyone serious about woodworking. Whether you are milling lumber for furniture-making or crafting intricate wood designs, this planer delivers in performance, making it a top-tier choice in its class.
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