iSUSW NSUvOf aO]XUOPHQRRcf

iSUSWQaQbeROg NUOPHUsg

…msmkf olmxm e[\if_c ]\tfxf• e^]`mŽ emkc{`mbk•, kmtc e[\ rmxm ]]•td`^``• _m ^i^dk[mt^[^{• bi•_ ]\dm[\bkm]c]fk\ t^[^{`\r f_fek^[.

-bkf]k^ f_fek^[ c x`•g_m, [mgkf‹m]f`^ `f smdm]•r em]^[p`• e^[^_f]fil`mxm e[\bk[mj, • ]]•td`•kl rmxm _m ^i^dk[mt^[^{• - fig. A.

Z^[^_f]fil`\r e[\bk[•r bi•_ ]bkf`m]\k\ `f ]\bmk•, c ]^[k\dfil`mtc emim{^``•, `f ]•_bkf`• ]•_ 1 _m 3 t^k[•] ]•_ _\k\`\.

“dvm ]\ sf{f•k^ dm[\bkc]fk\bn e[\if_mt s^g e[m]m_c, ]\ tm{^k^ kfdm{ ]bkf]\k\ 3 ic{`• sfkf[^rd\ LR03 1,5 AAA c ]•_b•d _in sfkf[^rmd. •]fxf, e[\if_ e[foj]fk\t^ ]•_ sfkf[^rmd i\‹^ ] kmtc [fg•, ndvm t^[^{`\r f_fek^[ g x`•g_f sc_^ ]\r`nkm.

-•_d[\rk^ ]•_b•d, vm g`fpm_\klbn `f gf_`•r em]^[p`• e[\if_c, kf ]bkf]k^ 3 sfkf[^rd\ (`^ `f_f`• ] dmtei^dk•), emk•t gfd[\rk^ rmxm - fig. B.

iSUSWQaQbeROg NUOPHUsg

]•td`^``n:

†fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c .

“dvm b\x`fi b]•kim]mxm •`_\dfkm[f 4:

‰^i^`mxm dmilm[c g

Z[\if_ c [^{\t• mh•dc]f``n, `^

em]•il`\t t\xmk•``nt

gfq•dbm]f`m `•ndmxm ‹ctm]mxm b\x`fic

 

 

‰^i^`mxm dmilm[c g

‰_•rb`j•klbn e^[^_fhf b\x`fic

‹]\_d\t t\xmk•``nt

 

 

 

•_bck`•r

Z[\if_ c emim{^``• OFF / •_bck`•bkl

 

{\]i^``n ]•_ ^i^dk[mt^[^{• kf ]•_

 

sfkf[^rmd

 

 

•_[^xcijrk^ hcki\]•bkl t•d[mqm`f, `fk\bdcjh\ `f dif]•‹c

,emk•t `f m_`c g `f]•xfo•r`\p dif]•‹ . „in

e•_k]^[_{^``n ]f‹mxm ]\sm[c `fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c .

[fg• ]\t\df``n bk[ctc, _in em]km[`mxm ]]•td`^``n e[\if_c, `fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c .

qaQhQ, NSUSW HOf c] `WsgPROHO aPHQRXabSRRc Q_X `QfsRk Q]kfkbcHXUsa NUOgfQbeRXhX NUOPHUXd, NSUS]XRQgHSPc a HXfk, jX NUObQW aOf]RkHX.

rQ[OPH RQa]XbOvReXhX PSUSWXaOjQ: nSg NUObQW fsPHOHe k PX_s Q]kfkbcHXUO / _QHQUSg]O. l nsbc[ `_SUshQRRc RQa]XbOvReXhX PSUSWXaOjQ, RS aO]OWQgHS aO]XUOPHQRs Q]kfkbcHXUO / _QHQUSg]O, Q asWRSPsHe x[ WX asWNXasWRXhX NUOgfQbeRXhX NkR]Hk. oS aO]OWQgHS x[ UQ`Xf s` NX_kHXaOf PfsHHcf.

iUOgfQbeROg NUOPHUsg

Z[\bk[•r e[foj• g 3 fdctcinkm[ft\ k\ec N•MH g tm{i\]•bkj e^[^gf[n_d\, nd• `f_f`• c dmtei^dk• g e[\if_mt, f kfdm{ t•bk\kl c bms• sfgc _in Žp gf[n_{^``n.

-•_d[\rk^ ]•_b•d, vm g`fpm_\klbn `f gf_`•r em]^[p`• e[\if_c, kf ]bkf]k^ 3 fdctcinkm[\, emk•t gfd[\rk^ rmxm - fig. C.

-bkf]k^ f_fek^[ c x`•g_m, [mgkf‹m]f`^ `f gf_`•r em]^[p`•

sfg\ _in gf[n_{^``n, kf ]]•td`•kl rmxm _m ^i^dk[mt^[^{•

-fig. D.

•]fxf, ndvm ]\ ]]•td`^k^ f_fek^[ c x`•g_m `f smdm]•r em]^[p`• e[\rtfil`mxm e[\bk[mj, fdctcinkm[\ `^ gf[n_{fk\tcklbn.

-bkf`m]•kl e[\rtfil`\r e[\bk[•r `f sfgc _in gf[n_{^``n fdctcinkm[•] kf gfi\‹k^ Žp gf[n_{fk\bn e[\`frt`• `f e[mkng• 12 xm_\`. • e[mo^b• gf[n_{f``n •`_\dfkm[ sfg\ _in gf[n_{^`` 14 b]•k\klbn h^[]m`\t dmilm[mt, f emk•t gt•`j• rmxm `f g^i^`\r, dmi\ fdctcinkm[\ em]`•bkj gf[n_{^`•.

iUOgfQbeROg NUOPHUsg

Z[\bk[•r • e^[^`mb`\t. ‰f]_nd\ di•eb• rmxm tm{`f gfd[•e\k\, `fe[\dif_, `f emnb•.

]•td`^``n:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

.

 

 

 

 

 

†fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c

 

 

 

 

 

“dvm b\x`fi b]•kim]mxm •`_\dfkm[f 4:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

‰^i^`mxm dmilm[c g

Z[\if_ c [^{\t• mh•dc]f``n, `^

 

em]•il`\t t\xmk•``nt

gfq•dbm]f`m `•ndmxm ‹ctm]mxm b\x`fic

 

 

 

 

‰^i^`mxm dmilm[c g

‰_•rb`j•klbn e[\rtf``n b\x`fic

 

‹]\_d\t t\xmk•``nt

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

•_bck`•r

Z[\if_ c emim{^``• OFF / •_bck`•bkl

 

 

 

{\]i^``n ]•_ ^i^dk[mt^[^{• kf ]•_

 

 

 

sfkf[^rmd

 

 

 

 

UA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

•_[^xcijrk^ [•]^`l xch`mbk• e[\rmt`mxm b\x`fic,

`fk\bdcjh\ `f m_`c g `f]•xfo•r`\p dif]•‹

 

 

 

.

 

 

“dvm gfb]•kijjklbn h^[]m`• •`_\dfkm[\ 12, o^ mg`fhf•, vm e[\rtfil`\r e[\bk[•r q•dbc• ‹ctm]• b\x`fi\.

wX_XHQ NUObQWk

•o•inp gt^`‹^``n [\g\d•] •`k^[q^[^`o•Ž kf gfs^ge^h^``n d[fvmŽ ndmbk• hck`mbk•, c ]f‹mtc •`k^[qm`• tf•klbn 2 df`fi\ g 15 dm_ft\ `f dm{^` g `\p. Z^[]•b`c `fbk[mrdc ]f‹mxm e[\if_c g_•rb`^`m `f df`fi w / dm_ 1. „in kmxm vms gt•`\k\ o• ef[ft^k[\, ]\dm`frk^ `\{h^`f]^_^`• embi•_m]`mbk•:

\s•[ df`fic:

†fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c , `f _\bei^Ž ]\b]•hc•klbn df`fi CH A. „in kmxm vms gt•`\k\ df`fi, `fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c C , emk•t `f m_`c g

`f]•xfo•r`\p dif]•‹ . „in e•_k]^[_{^``n ]f‹mxm ]\sm[c `fk\b`•kl g`m] `f dif]•‹c C .

\s•[ dm_c:

Z[\if_ ]\td`^`m. †fk\b`•kl kf ck[\tcrk^ dif]•‹c C , emk•t `fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c kf ]•_ecbk•kl. †f _\bei^Ž ]\b]•hc•klbn,

emsi\tcjh\, dm_ 1, f kfdm{

- fig. E. \s^[•kl m_\` g

15 dm_•] gf _memtmxmj `f]•xfo•r`\p dif]•‹

 

 

 

. „in

 

 

 

e•_k]^[_{^``n ]f‹mxm ]\sm[c `fk\b`•kl g`m] `f dif]•‹c C .

qaQhQ: aPHQRXabSRs ]QRQb s ]XW NXaORRs _kHO sWSRHO\ROfO RQ NSUSWQaQbeRXfk s NUOgfQbeRXfk NUOPHUXc[.

pbc HXhX jX_ WS`Q]HOakaQHO ]XWkaQRRc, PbsW RQPHUXxHO ]XW RQ 0, Q_X, a UQ`s HOf\QPXaXx WS`Q]HOaQnsx, RQHOPRkHO RQ ]bQasvk RQ

NUOgfQbeRXfk NUOPHUXx.

“dvm e[\rtfil`\r e[\bk[•r `f_b\if• dm[mkd• g]cdm]• b\x`fi\, o^ mg`fhf• ]k[fkc gm`\ emd[\kkn t^[^{•, ]\t\df``n e^[^_f]fil`mxm e[\bk[mj fsm `fbk[mrdc `^ `f `fi^{`\r df`fi.

•`k^[qm` _in sfkld•] e^[^_f• g]cdm]\r b\x`fi •g d•t`fk\, _^ g`fpm_\klbn _\k\`f. • [fg• ]•_bck`mbk• sc_l-ndmxm ‹ctc e[\if_ e^[^pm_\kl _m [^{\tc mh•dc]f``n. umi\ ]\`\df• ‹ctm]\r b\x`fi, rmxm g]cd e^[^_f•klbn, • b]•knklbn h^[]m`• •`_\dfkm[\ g]cdm]mxm [•]`n b\x`fic. •p d•ild•bkl e[mem[o•r`f •`k^`b\]`mbk• e^[^_f]f`mxm g]cdc. Z^[^_f]fil`\r e[\bk[•r [mgemh\`f• e[foj]fk\ ]•_km_•, dmi\ ‹ct _mbnxf• t•`•tfil`mxm em[mxm]mxm g`fh^``n.

„in kmxm vms ]\td`ck\ e[\bk[mŽ, `fk\b`•kl `f dif]•‹c .

pXhbcW

„in h\v^``n e[\if_c ]\dm[\bkm]crk^ gi^xdf ]mimxc kdf`\`c s^g gfbkmbc]f``n t\jh\p gfbms•]. zk^{k^ gf k\t, vms cb^[^_\`c e[\bk[mŽ] `^ emk[feinif ]m_f.

30

31