GE EPM 5350, EPM 5200, EPM 5300 Waveform and Harmonics, Sinusoidal Waveform a sin ω ⋅ t

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CHAPTER 1: AC POWER MEASUREMENT

1.4: Waveform and Harmonics

Ideal power distribution has sinusoidal waveforms on voltages and currents. In real-life applications, where inverters, computers, and motor controls are used, distorted waveforms are generated. These distortions consist of harmonics of the fundamental frequency.

SINUSOIDAL WAVEFORM: A • sin (ω ⋅ t)

DISTORTED WAVEFORM: A • sin(ω • t) + A1 • sin(ω1 • t) + A 2 • sin(ω2 • t) + A3 • sin(ω3 • t) + L

TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD):

%of THD = RMS of Total Harmonic Distortion Signal ⋅ 100 RMS of the Fundamenta l Signal

HARMONIC DISTORTION: A destructive force in power distribution systems. It creates safety problems, shortens the life span of distribution transformers, and interferes with the operation of electronic devices. The Futura+ monitors the harmonic distortion to the 31st harmonic. A waveform capture of distorted waveform is also available.

% THD GRAPH

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EPM 5000 series Advanced Power Meters

GE Multilin

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Contents Digital Multifunction Power Monitors EPM 5200, 5300Page Table of Contents REFERENCE………………81 SET LIMITS/RELAYSMode Chapter AC Power Measurement Single Phase SystemThree-Phase System Relationship between apparent, real Reactive powerConsumption, Demand and Poor Power Factor Poly Phase System 1 Delta, 2 WyeTotal Harmonic Distortion THD Waveform and HarmonicsSinusoidal Waveform a sin ω ⋅ t Chapter Mechanical Installation Diagram 2.1 Standard installationPort Chapter Electrical Installation Connecting the Current CircuitCT Connection Helpful Debugging ToolsConnecting the Voltage Circuit Connection to the Main Power SupplyElectrical Connection Installation Control Power Option Suffix CurrentList of Connection Diagrams 2L1 IV. Three-Phase Four-Wire Wye with Direct Voltage and CTs Three Phase Four-Wire Wye with CT and PTsLine Back View LoadVI. Single Phase with CT and PT Connection EPM 5300P-SVII. Dual-Phase with CTs and PTs VIII. Three-Phase Four-Wire WYE with 2.5 ElementRelays & 1 KYZ Pulse Output -NL Option Relay, Protection and Pulse OutputEPM 5300P Relay Overview Decimal Point Placement Change in Level KW/MW Standard Rate Table for WattsKYZ Pulse Outputs NL2 Option Voltage9999.0 Units W Hour 999.9 99.99 KYZ Relay Connection for -NL2 OptionChapter Communication Installation RS-232CRS-485 Connection for DB-9 FemaleRS-485 Hookup Diagram 2 wire Half Duplex RS-485 Hookup Diagram 2 wire Half Duplex Closed Loop RS-485 Hookup Diagram 2 wire Half Duplex Detail View RS-485 Hookup Diagram 4 wire Full Duplex RS-485 Hookup Diagram 4 wire Full Duplex Detail View Bottom View ShownNetwork of Instruments and Long Distance Communication ComputerModem Connected to Computer Originate Modem Programming the ModemDebugging Communication Problems Communication Installation Power A, B, C Chapter OverviewAccessing %THD Functions Accessing the Power FunctionsAccessing Voltage and Current Phases Viewing Individual Phase Indication for Power Functions StepResetting Values Unprotected Reset Protected ResetResetting Hour Readings Accessing the LM1/LM2 Set LimitsVoltage Phase Reversal and Imbalance Phase Reversal Phase ImbalanceThis display Press and hold down Indicates a VoltageAccess Modes Appears, confirming a successful print commandPrint Operating Data Press and hold Press Amps until a AppearsPrint Programming Data Accessing Firmware Version/LED TestStep Press and hold PHASE/NEXT Press Amps until 4 appears Step General Procedure Switch PacksChapter Programming Overview Groups Functions PacksProgramming Mode Data Entry Standard Numeric Data EntryChapter EPM 5200P5300P 5200P 5350P Feature 5300P 5200P 5350PEPM 5300P vs. EPM 5200P vs. EPM 5350P Chapter Entering Programming Mode Checksum Error-Protective Self-Checking AlgorithmsPassword Entry Entering Programming ModeEntering Programming Mode Chapter Programming Group 0 Global Meter Setup Group 0, Function 0-The Integration IntervalFunction FunctionGroup 0, Function 1-The Meter Address Group 0, Function 2-BAUD Rate Group 0, Function 3-System Configuration Group Function PackPack Switch Feature Segment Position Down +PFOpen Delta System Installation Programming Modbus Plus CapabilityPrinting Option Disabling PreventsGroup 0, Function 3-Programming Procedure To change the System Configuration Switch SettingsRelay Mode Switch DescriptionSwitch C Description Definitions04.P Controls Relay 05.P Controls Relay 2 and 3 if NL4 Programming StepsGroup 0-FUNCTION Number Description To change the Relay Mode to either Fail-safe or Reset Group and Function Number Description To change Time Delays To program RelayGroup 0, Function 6-KYZ Parameter Selection Parameter DescriptionSelection KYZ Pulse KYZ Pulse Value 06PValue PER PER Watt Hour FSW=9.999Situation 3 FSW=99.99 Situation 4 FSW=9.999Group 0, Function 7-Number of Phases Standard Factory SET-UP is THREE-PHASE FOUR-WIREFormulas Group and Function NumberTo change the Full Scale Settings Voltage Full ScalePress Volts to move decimal point Press Amps to store Group 1, Function 1-Amperage Full Scale CT T YPE Full ScaleStep Press Amps to begin Data Entry Sequence FSV=480 FSA=1000 a FSW one phase=480 V ⋅ 1000 a Example 2 480/120 PT, 1000/5 CTExample 3 14.4 KV/120, 1000/5 CT FSV=14.40 KV FSA=1000 aTo change the scale factor setting for wattage Programming Group Chapter Programming Group 2-METER Calibration Calibration RequirementsHigh End Calibration-Volts AN, BN, CN High End Calibration-Amps A, B, CVoltage Range Input Source Group 2 Value To change the calibration high end-Functions 0For Amps Low End Function Press MAX/MIN/LIMITS to end calibration procedure Time Delays & Relay Mode Chapter Groups 4, 5 and 6-SET Limits and RelaysExample of LM1/LM2 SET Limits Trip RelayGroup 4, Functions 0-3-LM1/LM2 Set Limits Group 4 Programming Format for Limit ConditionGroup 5, Functions 0-7-LM1/LM2 Set Limits There are 3 Switches to SET with Limits Digit Up Digit Down 0120LM1 LM2 Switch Value LED ABOVE/BELOW Relay Programming Group 6, LM1/LM2 Set LimitsLimits or Relays Programming Procedure LM1 LED LM2 LED Switch Level ABOVE/BELOW RelayDigit Up Digit Down 012.0 Digit Down Digit Up 009.0Press Amps once to Disable the Limit Follow this step for Disabling LimitsSee to Exit Phase Reversal and Phase Imbalance ∃TRIP Relay 1 %TRIP Relay 2 &LEVEL ∋ENABLE/DISABLEGroup 7, Function 0-Voltage Phase Reversal Detection Voltage Phase Reversal DetectionVoltage Phase Imbalance To change the phase reversal settingGroup 7, Function 1-Percentage Voltage Phase Imbalance To change the percentage voltage phase imbalanceSee to Exit Chapter Exiting Programming Mode Exiting Programming Mode Entering the Programming Mode Chapter Programming Quick ReferenceData Entry Sequence Programming GroupsGroup 0-Global Meter Setup Reserved SwitchesGroup 1 Full Scale Setup Group 2 CalibrationGroup 3 Calibration Ratios Group 4 Volt/Current LimitsGroup 5 Power Function Limits Group 6 THD LimitsGroup 7 Imbalance/Reversal Limits Group 8 DC output CalibrationKEY Designations Programming Quick Reference Chapter Ethernet Option Ethernet ModuleEthernet Option Setup Description LED FunctionsDefault IP Address Setting the IP AddressNetwork Port Login AutoIPTelnet to Port Network ConfigurationARP on Windows Configuration Parameters Baud RateGE Multilin

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