Principle of Operation, What is Radar? | Furuno 1932 MARK-2 instruction

1. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

1.1 What is Radar?

The term “RADAR” is an acronym meaning Radio Detection And Ranging. Although the basic principles of radar were developed dur- ing World War II, echoes as an aid to naviga- tion is not a new development.

1.2How Ships Determined Position Before Radar

Before the invention of radar, when running in fog near a rugged shoreline, ships would sound a short blast on their whistles, fire a shot, or strike a bell. The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the echo indicated how far the ship was from the clif fs or the shore. The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the rela- tive bearing of the shore.

1.3How Radar Determines Range

Radar determines the distance to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission of a radar signal and the recep- tion of the reflected echo. It is a known fact that radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of 162,000 nautical miles per second. Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the dis- tance to the target. Note that the echo makes a complete round trip, but only half the time of travel is needed to determine the one-way distance to the target. This radar automati- cally takes this into account in making the range calculation.

1.4How Radar Determines Bearing

The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the ra- dar scanner is pointing when it emits an elec- tronic pulse and then receives a returning echo. Each time the scanner rotates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle, each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one.Therefore, if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out, one knows the direction from which the echo must return.

1.5Radar Wave Speed and Scanner Rotation Speed

Note that the speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is extremely fast compared to the speed of ro- tation of the scanner. By the time radar ech- oes have returned to the scanner, the amount of scanner rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small.

1.6 The Radar Display

The range and bearing of a target is displayed on what is called a Plan Position Indicator (PPI). This display is essentially a polar dia- gram, with the transmitting ship’s position at the center. Images of target echoes are re- ceived and displayed at their relative bear- ings, and at their distance from the PPI center.

With a continuous display of the images of targets, the motion of the transmitting ship is also displayed.

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1932 MARK-2 specifications

The Furuno 1932 MARK-2 is a state-of-the-art radar system designed for maritime applications, providing exceptional performance and reliability. This advanced radar unit is renowned for its impressive range, superior target detection capabilities, and user-friendly interface, making it an essential tool for vessels of all sizes.

One of the standout features of the Furuno 1932 MARK-2 is its high-resolution display. The 10.4-inch color LCD screen offers crystal-clear visuals, enabling mariners to easily interpret radar data. With the capability to display 16 different colors, users can customize their views for enhanced clarity, allowing for better discrimination between targets and clutter. Additionally, the unit incorporates adjustable gain and clutter control, giving operators the ability to fine-tune the radar image to suit varying conditions, whether in busy harbors or open waters.

The 1932 MARK-2 utilizes a powerful 2.2 kW magnetron, allowing for excellent range performance. It can effectively detect targets up to 36 nautical miles away, providing mariners with ample warning of potential hazards. This long-range capability is complemented by advanced target tracking technologies, including ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid). This system enables users to monitor and track multiple vessels simultaneously, providing essential information such as course, speed, and distance for better situational awareness.

In terms of technology, the Furuno 1932 MARK-2 includes a Fast Target Update feature. This allows for rapid refresh rates, ensuring that moving targets are accurately displayed, even in heavy traffic areas. The unit also employs advanced digital signal processing to filter out noise and improve target detection, enhancing overall operational efficiency.

Another key characteristic of the 1932 MARK-2 is its robust build quality. Designed to withstand the marine environment, the unit features a waterproof casing with an IP55 rating, ensuring durability against splashes and humidity. Furthermore, its compact design offers versatile mounting options, making it adaptable for various vessel configurations.

Overall, the Furuno 1932 MARK-2 radar system stands out for its blend of advanced technology, user-centric features, and rugged reliability. Its ability to provide clear and accurate radar imagery makes it an invaluable asset for navigators, enhancing safety and efficiency on the water. As an investment in maritime technology, it offers significant advantages to enhance both recreational and commercial navigation.