HP UX Fortran Software manual Data type sizes and +autodbl4, 14164, +autodbl +autodbl4, Boption

Page 23

3.1416_4, 113_4

Note, however, that constants specified with an exponent—for example, 4.0E0and 2.3D0—are doubled.

Items promoted include constants, scalar variables, arrays, components of derived types, and record fields. This option also promotes intrinsics as well as the results and arguments of user-defined functions to the proper precision. Types specified in ONstatements are also promoted.

The entire program should be compiled with this option, not just selected files.

This option is useful when porting programs that depend on the increased precision of 8 and 16 bytes. If you want to promote only single-precision items, use the +autodbl4option. (REAL(KIND=16)arithmetic is slow.)

The default is +noautodbl.

Table 9 Data type sizes and +autodbl[4]

 

Sizes in bytes of intrinsic types

 

 

Integer, logical, and real

Double precision

Complex

Default sizes

4

8

8

+autodbl

8

16

16

+autodbl4

8

8

16

+[no]autodbl4 Like +autodbl, +auotdbl4 increases the default size of integer, logical, and real items to 8 bytes, and the default size of complex items to 16 bytes; see Table 2-3. Unlike +autodbl, it does not increase the default size of double precision.

This option does not increase the size of the following:

 

INTEGER(KIND=4)

 

INTEGER(4) J

 

REAL*8 D

 

3.1416_4, 113_4

 

Note, however, that constants specified with an exponent—for example, 4.0E0and 2.3D0—are

 

doubled.

 

Items promoted include constants, scalar variables, arrays, components of derived types, and

 

record fields. This option also promotes intrinsics as well as the results and arguments of user-defined

 

functions to the proper precision. Types specified in ON statements are also promoted.

 

The entire program should be compiled with this option, not just selected files. Use this option when

 

you want to promote only the single-precision items.

 

The default is +noautodbl4.

 

NOTE: The +autodbl4option causes items declared as REAL, INTEGER, and DOUBLE

 

PRECISION all to have the same size. This violates the Fortran Standard.

-b

This option can be specified to invoke ld with -bto create a shared library.

-Boption

The -Boptions are recognized by HP Fortran to specify whether references to global symbols may

 

be resolved to symbols defined in the current translation unit, or whether they must be assumed to

 

be potentially resolved to symbols defined in another load module. The -Boptions are only supported

 

on HP-UX version 11i and later. See “Symbol binding options” (page 37).

-c

-ccompiles the specified source files but does not link them. The compiler produces a relocatable

 

file (.o) for each file in the files list (these may include.f90, .f, .F, .i, .i90and .sfiles). When

 

using -cand -otogether, you may specify only one source file on the command line; the resulting

 

object file is renamed.

Command-line options 23

Image 23
Contents Abstract HP Fortran Programmer GuidePage Contents Performance and optimization Using the on statementControlling data storage DebuggingMigrating to HP Fortran 131 Using Fortran directives 123Writing HP-UX applications 107 Calling C routines from HP Fortran 110Documentation Feedback 153 Glossary 154 Index 159 Fortran 2003 Features 151Porting to HP Fortran 141 HP secure development lifecycle An overview of HP Fortran An overview of HP FortranHP Fortran compiler environment +preinclude= file DriverOptions for controlling the f90 driver +dryrunOptions for controlling the C preprocessor PreprocessorOptions for controlling the front end Front-end+moddir=directory Options for controlling optimization Back-end+DAmodel Options for controlling code generation+Onooptimization OptimizationOptions for controlling the Linker LinkerOoutfile +FPflagsLdirectory Wl ,options ToolsHP-UX operating system $ f90 hello.f90 Compiling with the f90 commandF90 command syntax Compiling and linkingExample 2 hello.f90 Command-line optionsF90 command syntax Command-line options+save Command-line options by categoryCommonly-used options Commonly-used optionsOptions listed by category Option descriptions+allowunaligned Example 3 ExampleDo I+1, N Boption Data type sizes and +autodbl414164 +autodbl +autodbl4+nocfc +cpp=default+charlit77 +check=boundsDatamodelare Name=def+DAmodel +DDdatamodelNative BlendedItanium Itanium2Values for the +FP option +hugecommon Signals recognized by the +fpexception optionGformat77 Example 4 % f90 +hugecommon=results pcvals.f90 +initheapinteger=ival /usr/include directory +noimplicitnone+indirectcommonlist=file +initheapcomplex=rvalival+nolibs +io77Ipo +nocheckuf+noobjdebug Levels of optimizationRequires concurrent use of the +Oprofile=use option With different values of optlevel+pa1 +realconstant=single +demandload option. The default is +nodemandload+nodemandload the default +r8End.o Tx,pathTp,/usr/ccs/lbin/cpp F90comWx,arg1,arg2,...,argN Bhidden =symbol ,symbol Symbol binding optionsBdefault=symbol,symbol Bextern =symbol ,symbolF90 +O3 +Osize myprog.f90 Using optimization optionsReviewing general optimization options +Oautopar and omit +Oparallel +Oconservative+Onoall +OnoautoparF90 +O3 +Onomoveflops +Ofltacc myprog.f90 Fine-tuning optimization options+Onocxlimitedrange Default is +OnocxlimitedrangeDefault is +Odataprefetch +Ocachepadcommon option+Onofailsafe +Onofenvaccess+Onofastaccess +OnoentryschedOptimizations performed by +Onofltacc +Onoinline=function1,function2 +Oinlinebudget=n +Oinlinebudget enables+Onoinline +OnoinlinefilenameMillicode versions of intrinsic functions Values for the +Oinlinebudget option+Onoloopunrolljam +inlinelevel num+Onoloopunroll=factor +Oloopunroll=4+Onopipeline Default is+Onoparmsoverlap+Oparallelintrinsics +OnoparmsoverlapFor +Oprofile=collectarc,stride Default is +Onopromoteindirectcalls+Onorecovery Default is +Oshortdata=8Filenames recognized by f90 FilenamesLinking with f90 vs. ld Linking HP Fortran programs$ f90 -c hello.f90 # compile Libraries linked by default on PA-RISCLibraries linked by default on Itanium Linking to librariesLinking HP Fortran 90 routines Linking to nondefault librariesOpt/fortran90/lib/pa2064/ -lF90 -lisamstub Additional HP Fortran librariesLinking to shared libraries $ f90 -Wl,-a,archive prog.f90 -lm Special-purpose compilationsCompiling programs with modules Library search rulesSpecial-purpose compilations Example 7 Example 2-3 code.f90 ExamplesExample Example 6 Example 2-2 main.f90$ dostats Compiling with makeExample 8 Example 2-4 data.f90 $ f90 -o dostats data.f90 code.f90 main.f90$ make Compiling for different PA-RISC machinesManaging .mod files Example 9 Example 2-5 makefileCompiling with +pic Creating shared librariesLinking with -b Using the C preprocessor$ f90 +cpp=yes -D Debug cppdirect.f90 Using the C preprocessorProcessing cpp directives Example 13 Example 2-9 cppdirect.f90Saving the cpp output file Creating demand-loadable executablesCreating shared executables HP Fortran environment variables Compiling in 64-bit modeUsing environment variables $ f90 +noshared prog.f90$ f90 +list hello.f90 F90ROOT environment variableSTF90COM64 environment variable HPF90OPTS environment variableMpnumberofthreads environment variable Floating installationFloating installation Lpath environment variableAlternate-path/opt/fortran90.3.6.1 Setting up floating installationDisabling implicit typing Controlling data storageDisabling implicit typing Automatic and static variablesControlling data storage ContainsIncreasing the precision of constants Increasing default data sizes Increasing default data sizesIncreasing default data sizes Which creates multiple threads Sharing data among programsUsr/lib/libpthread.sl Sharing data among programs $ gotosleepIm up Modules vs. common blocks$ wakeup Modules vs. common blocks Stripping debugging information Using the HP WDB debuggerDebugging Floating-point exceptions Signals recognized by +fpexceptionSignal Handling runtime exceptions= 1.0/0.0 Bus error exceptionFloating-point exceptions Segmentation violation exception Illegal instruction exceptionBad argument exception Using debugging linesExceptions handled by the on statement Using the on statementExceptions handled by the on statement On REAL8 DIV 0 Call divzerotrapExceptions handled by the on statement Actions specified by onOn Double Precision DIV 0 Call divzerotrap Example 15 Example5-2 ignore.f90 Ignoring errorsTerminating program execution Example 14 Example5-1 abort.f90On Double Precision Overflow Call trap Calling a trap procedureTrapping floating-point exceptions Trapping integer overflow exceptionsExample 17 Example5-4 callitrap.f90 Trapping +Ctrl-C trap interruptsAllowing core dumps On Real Overflow Ignore Example 18 Example 5-5 allowcore.f90HP Caliper Using profilersUsing profilers Performance and optimizationProgramprogramarguments Comparing Program PerformanceOpt/ansic/bin/cc -Aa +O3 -o program +Oprofile=collect Program.c$ gprof prog gprof.out Using Options to Control Data CollectionGprof Specifying PBO file names and locations$ f90 +O4 file.f90 Using options to control optimizationUsing +O to set optimization levels Prof+O4 Using the optimization options+O2, -O +O3Packaged optimization options Fine-tuning optimization options$ f90 +02 +Oaggressive +Osize prog.f90 $ f90 +O4 +Oaggressive +Ofltacc prog.f90+Ofltacc=relaxed Is +Onofastaccess at+Ofastaccess at level +O2+Onoinitcheck +Ofltacc=relaxed . ThisFast +Onoloopunroll=n +Oinlinelevel num+Onolibcalls +Olibcalls+Opipeline +Onoparminit+Orecovery +Ovectorize option on +Oregreassoc+Onoreturn +Oshortdata=8+Owholeprogrammode Conservative vs. aggressive optimization+Onowholeprogrammode F90 +O3 +Oparallel -c x.f90 y.f90 F90 +O3 -c z.f90 Conservative, aggressive, and default optimizationsParallelizing HP Fortran programs Compiling for parallel executionCalling routines with side effects parallellization Performance and parallelizationProfiling parallelized programs Conditions inhibiting loop parallelizationData dependences Indeterminate iteration countsVector routines called by +Ovectorize Using the +Ovectorize optionVectorization F90 +O3 +Ovectorize prog.f90Vecdmultadd Controlling vectorization locallySaxpy SdotIndustry-wide standard Vectorization Calling Blas library routinesExample 19 Example 6-1 axpy.f90 REAL, External sdotControlling code generation for performance Example 20 Example 7-1 getargs.f90 Accessing command-line argumentsWriting HP-UX applications $ fprog arg1 another argCalling HP-UX system and library routines Using HP-UX file I/OStream I/O using Fstream Performing I/O using HP-UX system callsObtaining an HP-UX file descriptor Using HP-UX file I/OData type correspondence for HP Fortran and C Calling C routines from HP FortranData types Size differences after compiling with +autodbl Unsigned integersLogicals Size differences between HP Fortran and C data typesExample 21 Example 8-1 passcomplex.f90 Complex numbersComplex sqrcomplexCOMPLEX cmxval Example 22 Example 8-2 sqrcomplex.c Argument-passing conventionsDerived types PointersCall foo%REFptr, %REFiarray, %VALi Integer ptr INTEGER, DIMENSION100 iarrayCase sensitivity Void fooint *ptr, int iarray100, intCase sensitivity Example 23 Example 8-3 sortem.c$HP$ Alias bubblesort = BubbleSort%REF,%VAL Example 24 Example 8-4 testsort.f90Int Memory layout of a two-dimensional array in Fortran and CREAL, DIMENSION2,3,4 ArraysExample 26 Example 8-6 getarray.c Example 25 Example 8-5 passarray.f90Passing a string StringsNull-terminated string Fortran hidden length argumentStrings Following are example C and Fortran programsExample 28 Example 8-8 getstring.c File handlingExample 27 Example 8-7 passchars.f90 File handling Example 29 Example 8-9 fnumtest.f90Extern int globals100 Sharing dataInt somedata Extern int somedataHP Fortran directives Using Fortran directivesUsing HP Fortran directives Directive syntaxName SyntaxDescription and restrictions $HP$ Alias name = external-name arg-pass-mode-listArgument-passing conventions Local and global usageCase sensitivity Example 32 Example 9-2 passstr.f90 StringsFor more information Example 31 Example 9-1 prstr.cListing file Disables the inclusion of source lines in the listing fileSpecified on the command line Example 33 ExampleVendor Directive Cray Compatibility directivesControlling vectorization Compatibility directives recognized by HP FortranCompatibility directives Controlling parallelizationControlling dependence checks Controlling checks for side effectsUsing Fortran directives Compiler limits Command-line options not supportedMigrating to HP Fortran Incompatibilities with HP FortranDouble Precision x = Format field widthsFloating-point constants Intrinsic functionsData types and constants Procedure calls and definitionsKEY= Input/outputDirectives Foo**REALbar, 8 ! foo**barMiscellaneous Migration issuesSource code issues Migration issuesHP Fortran 77 directives supported by f90 options DirectivesF77 options supported by f90 Command-line option issuesIntrinsic functions Conflicting intrinsics and libU77 routine namesData file issues Object code issuesHP-supplied migration tools Approaches to migration$ fid +800 file.f $ fid +es program.f END structure definition Porting to HP FortranCompatibility extensions Compatibility statements+Oparallel or Compiler directivesCompatibility directives Pointer Cray-style+Oparallel or +Ovectorize Intrinsic proceduresNonstandard intrinsic procedures in HP Fortran Directive prefixes recognized by HP FortranUninitialized variables Using porting options$ f90 testloop.f90 Using porting optionsLarge word size One-trip do loopsExternal int1 Name conflictsExample 34 Example 11-1 clash.f90 Source formats Names with appended underscores+cfc Porting from Tru64 to HP FortranEscape sequences Porting from Tru64 to HP Fortran EnhancementsNew options Nof66alternate for +noonetrip+nopadsrc Altparam Check noboundsoptions for example, -nocheckboundsMiscellaneous enhancements Fortran 2003 FeaturesInteroperability with C Input/output enhancementsData enhancements Object orientation featuresFortran 2003 Features 153 Documentation FeedbackGlossary Glossary155 So on. See also row-major orderAlso filename extension 157 Memory faultSee ttv 159 SymbolsIndex