HP UX Fortran Software manual usr/include directory +noimplicitnone, +indirectcommonlist=file

Page 30

The current working directory

The /usr/include directory

+[no]implicit_none

+implicit none forces the types of identifiers to be implicitly undefined.

 

This is equivalent to specifying IMPLICIT NONE for each program unit

 

in each file in the files list. The source code that is to be compiled with

 

this option may contain other

IMPLICIT statements; the statements will

 

be honored. The default, +noimplicit_none, allows identifiers to be

 

implicitly defined.

 

+indirectcommonlist=file

The common blocks listed in file (one per line, no enclosing ‘ / ‘s) are

 

treated as shared common blocks, but are not attached. The user must

 

attach or otherwise allocate storage for such common blocks before they

 

are referenced.

 

 

A C language program would typically be used to either attach a shared

 

memory segment, or malloc a block of memory, and store that address

 

into the external symbol for the common block. All Fortran code that

 

references such a common block will indirect through the address in the

 

external symbol for that indirect common block.

 

All source files that reference variables in such a common block must be

 

compiled with the +indirectcommonlist flag, and that common

 

block name must appear in the named file.

+initheap_complex=rval:ival

Default initialization of heap variables (mentioned in +initheap_set option)

 

of type complex. rval is real part and ival is imaginary part of complex

 

number. Valid values for rval and ival are normal real numbers, nan ,

 

snan.

 

 

The numbers represented by rval/ival are mentioned in below table.

 

Table 12

 

 

Val

Num

 

nan

quiet NaN

 

snan

Signaling NaN

 

snan is supported at default optimization level only.

+initheap_integer=ival

Default initialization of heap variables (mentioned in +initheap_set option)

 

of type integer. Valid values of ival are integer values of the form decimal,

 

octal (starting with 0) and hexadecimal (starting with 0x).

+initheap_real=rval

Default initialization of heap variables (mentioned in +initheap_set option)

 

of type real. Valid values for rval are normal real numbers, nan, snan.

 

Table 13

 

 

Val

Num

 

nan

Quiet NaN

 

snan

Signaling NaN

 

snan is supported at default optimization level only.

+initheap_set=var

Default Initialization of heap variables is done for the variables specified

 

by var.

 

 

The defined values for var are:

 

Table 14

 

 

all

all heap variables

 

allocatable

variables having allocatable

 

 

attribute

 

common

variables in common block

 

module

variables in module

30 Compiling and linking

Image 30
Contents HP Fortran Programmer Guide AbstractPage Contents Debugging Using the on statementControlling data storage Performance and optimizationCalling C routines from HP Fortran 110 Using Fortran directives 123Writing HP-UX applications 107 Migrating to HP Fortran 131Fortran 2003 Features 151 Porting to HP Fortran 141Documentation Feedback 153 Glossary 154 Index 159 HP secure development lifecycle An overview of HP Fortran HP Fortran compiler environmentAn overview of HP Fortran +dryrun DriverOptions for controlling the f90 driver +preinclude= filePreprocessor Options for controlling the C preprocessorFront-end Options for controlling the front end+moddir=directory Back-end Options for controlling optimizationOptimization Options for controlling code generation+Onooptimization +DAmodelLinker Options for controlling the Linker+FPflags LdirectoryOoutfile Tools HP-UX operating systemWl ,options Compiling and linking Compiling with the f90 commandF90 command syntax $ f90 hello.f90Command-line options Command-line optionsF90 command syntax Example 2 hello.f90Commonly-used options Command-line options by categoryCommonly-used options +saveOption descriptions Options listed by categoryExample 3 Example Do I+1, N+allowunaligned +autodbl +autodbl4 Data type sizes and +autodbl414164 Boption+check=bounds +cpp=default+charlit77 +nocfc+DDdatamodel Name=def+DAmodel DatamodelareItanium2 BlendedItanium NativeValues for the +FP option Signals recognized by the +fpexception option Gformat77+hugecommon Example 4 % f90 +hugecommon=results pcvals.f90 +initheapcomplex=rvalival /usr/include directory +noimplicitnone+indirectcommonlist=file +initheapinteger=ival+nocheckuf +io77Ipo +nolibsWith different values of optlevel Levels of optimizationRequires concurrent use of the +Oprofile=use option +noobjdebug+pa1 +r8 +demandload option. The default is +nodemandload+nodemandload the default +realconstant=singleF90com Tx,pathTp,/usr/ccs/lbin/cpp End.oWx,arg1,arg2,...,argN Bextern =symbol ,symbol Symbol binding optionsBdefault=symbol,symbol Bhidden =symbol ,symbolUsing optimization options Reviewing general optimization optionsF90 +O3 +Osize myprog.f90 +Onoautopar +Oconservative+Onoall +Oautopar and omit +OparallelFine-tuning optimization options F90 +O3 +Onomoveflops +Ofltacc myprog.f90+Ocachepadcommon option Default is +OnocxlimitedrangeDefault is +Odataprefetch +Onocxlimitedrange+Onoentrysched +Onofenvaccess+Onofastaccess +OnofailsafeOptimizations performed by +Onofltacc +Onoinlinefilename +Oinlinebudget=n +Oinlinebudget enables+Onoinline +Onoinline=function1,function2Values for the +Oinlinebudget option Millicode versions of intrinsic functions+Oloopunroll=4 +inlinelevel num+Onoloopunroll=factor +Onoloopunrolljam+Onoparmsoverlap Default is+Onoparmsoverlap+Oparallelintrinsics +OnopipelineDefault is +Oshortdata=8 Default is +Onopromoteindirectcalls+Onorecovery For +Oprofile=collectarc,strideFilenames Filenames recognized by f90Linking HP Fortran programs Linking with f90 vs. ldLinking to libraries Libraries linked by default on PA-RISCLibraries linked by default on Itanium $ f90 -c hello.f90 # compileLinking to nondefault libraries Linking HP Fortran 90 routinesAdditional HP Fortran libraries Linking to shared librariesOpt/fortran90/lib/pa2064/ -lF90 -lisamstub Library search rules Special-purpose compilationsCompiling programs with modules $ f90 -Wl,-a,archive prog.f90 -lmSpecial-purpose compilations Example 6 Example 2-2 main.f90 ExamplesExample Example 7 Example 2-3 code.f90$ f90 -o dostats data.f90 code.f90 main.f90 Compiling with makeExample 8 Example 2-4 data.f90 $ dostatsExample 9 Example 2-5 makefile Compiling for different PA-RISC machinesManaging .mod files $ makeCreating shared libraries Compiling with +picUsing the C preprocessor Linking with -bExample 13 Example 2-9 cppdirect.f90 Using the C preprocessorProcessing cpp directives $ f90 +cpp=yes -D Debug cppdirect.f90Creating demand-loadable executables Creating shared executablesSaving the cpp output file $ f90 +noshared prog.f90 Compiling in 64-bit modeUsing environment variables HP Fortran environment variablesHPF90OPTS environment variable F90ROOT environment variableSTF90COM64 environment variable $ f90 +list hello.f90Lpath environment variable Floating installationFloating installation Mpnumberofthreads environment variableSetting up floating installation Alternate-path/opt/fortran90.3.6.1Automatic and static variables Controlling data storageDisabling implicit typing Disabling implicit typingContains Controlling data storageIncreasing the precision of constants Increasing default data sizes Increasing default data sizesIncreasing default data sizes Sharing data among programs Usr/lib/libpthread.slWhich creates multiple threads $ gotosleep Sharing data among programsModules vs. common blocks $ wakeupIm up Modules vs. common blocks Using the HP WDB debugger DebuggingStripping debugging information Handling runtime exceptions Signals recognized by +fpexceptionSignal Floating-point exceptionsBus error exception Floating-point exceptions= 1.0/0.0 Illegal instruction exception Segmentation violation exceptionUsing debugging lines Bad argument exceptionOn REAL8 DIV 0 Call divzerotrap Using the on statementExceptions handled by the on statement Exceptions handled by the on statementActions specified by on On Double Precision DIV 0 Call divzerotrapExceptions handled by the on statement Example 14 Example5-1 abort.f90 Ignoring errorsTerminating program execution Example 15 Example5-2 ignore.f90Trapping integer overflow exceptions Calling a trap procedureTrapping floating-point exceptions On Double Precision Overflow Call trapTrapping +Ctrl-C trap interrupts Allowing core dumpsExample 17 Example5-4 callitrap.f90 Example 18 Example 5-5 allowcore.f90 On Real Overflow IgnorePerformance and optimization Using profilersUsing profilers HP CaliperProgram.c Comparing Program PerformanceOpt/ansic/bin/cc -Aa +O3 -o program +Oprofile=collect ProgramprogramargumentsSpecifying PBO file names and locations Using Options to Control Data CollectionGprof $ gprof prog gprof.outProf Using options to control optimizationUsing +O to set optimization levels $ f90 +O4 file.f90+O3 Using the optimization options+O2, -O +O4$ f90 +O4 +Oaggressive +Ofltacc prog.f90 Fine-tuning optimization options$ f90 +02 +Oaggressive +Osize prog.f90 Packaged optimization options+O2 Is +Onofastaccess at+Ofastaccess at level +Ofltacc=relaxed+Ofltacc=relaxed . This Fast+Onoinitcheck +Olibcalls +Oinlinelevel num+Onolibcalls +Onoloopunroll=n+Onoparminit +Opipeline+Orecovery +Oshortdata=8 +Oregreassoc+Onoreturn +Ovectorize option onConservative vs. aggressive optimization +Onowholeprogrammode+Owholeprogrammode Compiling for parallel execution Conservative, aggressive, and default optimizationsParallelizing HP Fortran programs F90 +O3 +Oparallel -c x.f90 y.f90 F90 +O3 -c z.f90Conditions inhibiting loop parallelization Performance and parallelizationProfiling parallelized programs Calling routines with side effects parallellizationIndeterminate iteration counts Data dependencesF90 +O3 +Ovectorize prog.f90 Using the +Ovectorize optionVectorization Vector routines called by +OvectorizeSdot Controlling vectorization locallySaxpy VecdmultaddREAL, External sdot Calling Blas library routinesExample 19 Example 6-1 axpy.f90 Industry-wide standard VectorizationControlling code generation for performance $ fprog arg1 another arg Accessing command-line argumentsWriting HP-UX applications Example 20 Example 7-1 getargs.f90Performing I/O using HP-UX system calls Using HP-UX file I/OStream I/O using Fstream Calling HP-UX system and library routinesUsing HP-UX file I/O Obtaining an HP-UX file descriptorCalling C routines from HP Fortran Data typesData type correspondence for HP Fortran and C Size differences between HP Fortran and C data types Unsigned integersLogicals Size differences after compiling with +autodblComplex numbers Complex sqrcomplexCOMPLEX cmxvalExample 21 Example 8-1 passcomplex.f90 Pointers Argument-passing conventionsDerived types Example 22 Example 8-2 sqrcomplex.cVoid fooint *ptr, int iarray100, int Integer ptr INTEGER, DIMENSION100 iarrayCase sensitivity Call foo%REFptr, %REFiarray, %VALiExample 24 Example 8-4 testsort.f90 Example 23 Example 8-3 sortem.c$HP$ Alias bubblesort = BubbleSort%REF,%VAL Case sensitivityArrays Memory layout of a two-dimensional array in Fortran and CREAL, DIMENSION2,3,4 IntExample 25 Example 8-5 passarray.f90 Example 26 Example 8-6 getarray.cFortran hidden length argument StringsNull-terminated string Passing a stringFollowing are example C and Fortran programs StringsFile handling Example 27 Example 8-7 passchars.f90Example 28 Example 8-8 getstring.c Example 29 Example 8-9 fnumtest.f90 File handlingExtern int somedata Sharing dataInt somedata Extern int globals100Directive syntax Using Fortran directivesUsing HP Fortran directives HP Fortran directives$HP$ Alias name = external-name arg-pass-mode-list SyntaxDescription and restrictions NameLocal and global usage Case sensitivityArgument-passing conventions Example 31 Example 9-1 prstr.c StringsFor more information Example 32 Example 9-2 passstr.f90Example 33 Example Disables the inclusion of source lines in the listing fileSpecified on the command line Listing fileCompatibility directives recognized by HP Fortran Compatibility directivesControlling vectorization Vendor Directive CrayControlling checks for side effects Controlling parallelizationControlling dependence checks Compatibility directivesUsing Fortran directives Incompatibilities with HP Fortran Command-line options not supportedMigrating to HP Fortran Compiler limitsIntrinsic functions Format field widthsFloating-point constants Double Precision x =Procedure calls and definitions Data types and constantsFoo**REALbar, 8 ! foo**bar Input/outputDirectives KEY=Migration issues Migration issuesSource code issues MiscellaneousDirectives HP Fortran 77 directives supported by f90 optionsConflicting intrinsics and libU77 routine names Command-line option issuesIntrinsic functions F77 options supported by f90Object code issues Data file issuesApproaches to migration HP-supplied migration tools$ fid +800 file.f $ fid +es program.f Compatibility statements Porting to HP FortranCompatibility extensions END structure definitionPointer Cray-style Compiler directivesCompatibility directives +Oparallel orDirective prefixes recognized by HP Fortran Intrinsic proceduresNonstandard intrinsic procedures in HP Fortran +Oparallel or +OvectorizeUsing porting options Uninitialized variablesOne-trip do loops Using porting optionsLarge word size $ f90 testloop.f90Name conflicts Example 34 Example 11-1 clash.f90External int1 Names with appended underscores Source formatsPorting from Tru64 to HP Fortran Escape sequences+cfc Nof66alternate for +noonetrip EnhancementsNew options Porting from Tru64 to HP FortranCheck noboundsoptions for example, -nocheckbounds +nopadsrc AltparamInput/output enhancements Fortran 2003 FeaturesInteroperability with C Miscellaneous enhancementsObject orientation features Fortran 2003 FeaturesData enhancements Documentation Feedback 153Glossary GlossarySo on. See also row-major order 155Also filename extension Memory fault 157See ttv Symbols Index159