HP UX Fortran Software Symbol binding options, Bdefault=symbol,symbol, Bextern =symbol ,symbol

Page 37

+DA2.0W is specified), the +Zoption is on by default. This is the only PIC option supported for 64-bit executables.

NOTE: To not generate position-independent code for

64-bit executables, specify the -W1, -noshared option:

Symbol binding options

The following -B options are recognized by HP Fortran to specify whether references to global symbols may be resolved to symbols defined in the current translation unit, or whether they must be assumed to be potentially resolved to symbols defined in another load module.

All -B options are applied in a ‘left to right’ order so that options at the end of a string may supercede those that appear earlier in the string.

-Bdefault=symbol[,symbol...]

The named symbols are assigned the default export class.

 

These symbols may be imported or exported outside of the

 

current load module. The compiler will access tentative

 

symbols through the linkage table. Any symbol that is not

 

assigned to another export class through use of another

 

-Boption (or the deprecated +O[no]extern option) will

 

have the default on a per-symbol basis to specify exceptions

 

to global -Bprotected,-Bhidden,or-Bextern options.

-Bdefault:filename

The file indicated by filename contains a list of symbols,

 

separated by spaces or newlines. These symbols are

 

assigned the default export class.

-Bextern[=symbol [,symbol...]]

The named symbols, or all undefined symbols if no list is

 

provided, are assigned the default export class.

 

Additionally, the compiler will inline the import stub for

 

calls to these symbols. No compile-time binding of these

 

symbols will be done. All references to these symbols will

 

be through the linkage table, so an unnecessary

 

performance penalty will occur if -Bexternis applied to

 

a listed symbol that is resolved in the same load module.

-Bextern:filename

The file indicated by filename contains a list of symbols,

 

separated by spaces or newlines. These symbols are

 

assigned the default export class. Additionally, the compiler

 

will inline the import stub for calls to these symbols. No

 

compile-time binding of these symbols will be done. All

 

references to these symbols will be through the linkage

 

table, so an unnecessary performance penalty will occur

 

if -Bexternis applied to a symbol that is resolved in the

 

same load module.

Bhidden [=symbol [,symbol...]]

The named symbols, or all symbols if no symbols are

 

specified, are assigned the hidden export class. The hidden

 

export class is similar to the protected export class. These

 

symbols will not be preempted by symbols from other load

 

modules, so the compiler may bypass the linkage table for

 

both code and data references and bind them to

 

locally-defined code and data symbols. In addition, hidden

 

symbols will not be exported outside the current load

 

module. The linker may eliminate them from a shared

 

library, but in an executable, they remain accessible to the

 

debugger unless +Oprocelim is also specified.

 

When used with no symbol list,-BhiddenimpliesW1,

 

-aarchive_shared, causing the linker to prefer an

 

archive library over a shared library if one is available.

 

This can be overridden by following the -Bhiddenoption

 

with a subsequent -W1,-aoption.

Symbol binding options 37

Image 37
Contents Abstract HP Fortran Programmer GuidePage Contents Controlling data storage Using the on statementDebugging Performance and optimizationWriting HP-UX applications 107 Using Fortran directives 123Calling C routines from HP Fortran 110 Migrating to HP Fortran 131Porting to HP Fortran 141 Fortran 2003 Features 151Documentation Feedback 153 Glossary 154 Index 159 HP secure development lifecycle HP Fortran compiler environment An overview of HP FortranAn overview of HP Fortran Options for controlling the f90 driver Driver+dryrun +preinclude= fileOptions for controlling the C preprocessor PreprocessorOptions for controlling the front end Front-end+moddir=directory Options for controlling optimization Back-end+Onooptimization Options for controlling code generationOptimization +DAmodelOptions for controlling the Linker LinkerLdirectory +FPflagsOoutfile HP-UX operating system ToolsWl ,options F90 command syntax Compiling with the f90 commandCompiling and linking $ f90 hello.f90F90 command syntax Command-line optionsCommand-line options Example 2 hello.f90Commonly-used options Command-line options by categoryCommonly-used options +saveOptions listed by category Option descriptionsDo I+1, N Example 3 Example+allowunaligned 14164 Data type sizes and +autodbl4+autodbl +autodbl4 Boption+charlit77 +cpp=default+check=bounds +nocfc+DAmodel Name=def+DDdatamodel DatamodelareItanium BlendedItanium2 NativeValues for the +FP option Gformat77 Signals recognized by the +fpexception option+hugecommon Example 4 % f90 +hugecommon=results pcvals.f90 +indirectcommonlist=file /usr/include directory +noimplicitnone+initheapcomplex=rvalival +initheapinteger=ivalIpo +io77+nocheckuf +nolibsRequires concurrent use of the +Oprofile=use option Levels of optimizationWith different values of optlevel +noobjdebug+pa1 +nodemandload the default +demandload option. The default is +nodemandload+r8 +realconstant=singleTp,/usr/ccs/lbin/cpp Tx,pathF90com End.oWx,arg1,arg2,...,argN Bdefault=symbol,symbol Symbol binding optionsBextern =symbol ,symbol Bhidden =symbol ,symbolReviewing general optimization options Using optimization optionsF90 +O3 +Osize myprog.f90 +Onoall +Oconservative+Onoautopar +Oautopar and omit +OparallelF90 +O3 +Onomoveflops +Ofltacc myprog.f90 Fine-tuning optimization optionsDefault is +Odataprefetch Default is +Onocxlimitedrange+Ocachepadcommon option +Onocxlimitedrange+Onofastaccess +Onofenvaccess+Onoentrysched +OnofailsafeOptimizations performed by +Onofltacc +Onoinline +Oinlinebudget=n +Oinlinebudget enables+Onoinlinefilename +Onoinline=function1,function2Millicode versions of intrinsic functions Values for the +Oinlinebudget option+Onoloopunroll=factor +inlinelevel num+Oloopunroll=4 +Onoloopunrolljam+Oparallelintrinsics Default is+Onoparmsoverlap+Onoparmsoverlap +Onopipeline+Onorecovery Default is +OnopromoteindirectcallsDefault is +Oshortdata=8 For +Oprofile=collectarc,strideFilenames recognized by f90 FilenamesLinking with f90 vs. ld Linking HP Fortran programsLibraries linked by default on Itanium Libraries linked by default on PA-RISCLinking to libraries $ f90 -c hello.f90 # compileLinking HP Fortran 90 routines Linking to nondefault librariesLinking to shared libraries Additional HP Fortran librariesOpt/fortran90/lib/pa2064/ -lF90 -lisamstub Compiling programs with modules Special-purpose compilationsLibrary search rules $ f90 -Wl,-a,archive prog.f90 -lmSpecial-purpose compilations Example ExamplesExample 6 Example 2-2 main.f90 Example 7 Example 2-3 code.f90Example 8 Example 2-4 data.f90 Compiling with make$ f90 -o dostats data.f90 code.f90 main.f90 $ dostatsManaging .mod files Compiling for different PA-RISC machinesExample 9 Example 2-5 makefile $ makeCompiling with +pic Creating shared librariesLinking with -b Using the C preprocessorProcessing cpp directives Using the C preprocessorExample 13 Example 2-9 cppdirect.f90 $ f90 +cpp=yes -D Debug cppdirect.f90Creating shared executables Creating demand-loadable executablesSaving the cpp output file Using environment variables Compiling in 64-bit mode$ f90 +noshared prog.f90 HP Fortran environment variablesSTF90COM64 environment variable F90ROOT environment variableHPF90OPTS environment variable $ f90 +list hello.f90Floating installation Floating installationLpath environment variable Mpnumberofthreads environment variableAlternate-path/opt/fortran90.3.6.1 Setting up floating installationDisabling implicit typing Controlling data storageAutomatic and static variables Disabling implicit typingControlling data storage ContainsIncreasing the precision of constants Increasing default data sizes Increasing default data sizesIncreasing default data sizes Usr/lib/libpthread.sl Sharing data among programsWhich creates multiple threads Sharing data among programs $ gotosleep$ wakeup Modules vs. common blocksIm up Modules vs. common blocks Debugging Using the HP WDB debuggerStripping debugging information Signal Signals recognized by +fpexceptionHandling runtime exceptions Floating-point exceptionsFloating-point exceptions Bus error exception= 1.0/0.0 Segmentation violation exception Illegal instruction exceptionBad argument exception Using debugging linesExceptions handled by the on statement Using the on statementOn REAL8 DIV 0 Call divzerotrap Exceptions handled by the on statementOn Double Precision DIV 0 Call divzerotrap Actions specified by onExceptions handled by the on statement Terminating program execution Ignoring errorsExample 14 Example5-1 abort.f90 Example 15 Example5-2 ignore.f90Trapping floating-point exceptions Calling a trap procedureTrapping integer overflow exceptions On Double Precision Overflow Call trapAllowing core dumps Trapping +Ctrl-C trap interruptsExample 17 Example5-4 callitrap.f90 On Real Overflow Ignore Example 18 Example 5-5 allowcore.f90Using profilers Using profilersPerformance and optimization HP CaliperOpt/ansic/bin/cc -Aa +O3 -o program +Oprofile=collect Comparing Program PerformanceProgram.c ProgramprogramargumentsGprof Using Options to Control Data CollectionSpecifying PBO file names and locations $ gprof prog gprof.outUsing +O to set optimization levels Using options to control optimizationProf $ f90 +O4 file.f90+O2, -O Using the optimization options+O3 +O4$ f90 +02 +Oaggressive +Osize prog.f90 Fine-tuning optimization options$ f90 +O4 +Oaggressive +Ofltacc prog.f90 Packaged optimization options+Ofastaccess at level Is +Onofastaccess at+O2 +Ofltacc=relaxedFast +Ofltacc=relaxed . This+Onoinitcheck +Onolibcalls +Oinlinelevel num+Olibcalls +Onoloopunroll=n+Opipeline +Onoparminit+Orecovery +Onoreturn +Oregreassoc+Oshortdata=8 +Ovectorize option on+Onowholeprogrammode Conservative vs. aggressive optimization+Owholeprogrammode Parallelizing HP Fortran programs Conservative, aggressive, and default optimizationsCompiling for parallel execution F90 +O3 +Oparallel -c x.f90 y.f90 F90 +O3 -c z.f90Profiling parallelized programs Performance and parallelizationConditions inhibiting loop parallelization Calling routines with side effects parallellizationData dependences Indeterminate iteration countsVectorization Using the +Ovectorize optionF90 +O3 +Ovectorize prog.f90 Vector routines called by +OvectorizeSaxpy Controlling vectorization locallySdot VecdmultaddExample 19 Example 6-1 axpy.f90 Calling Blas library routinesREAL, External sdot Industry-wide standard VectorizationControlling code generation for performance Writing HP-UX applications Accessing command-line arguments$ fprog arg1 another arg Example 20 Example 7-1 getargs.f90Stream I/O using Fstream Using HP-UX file I/OPerforming I/O using HP-UX system calls Calling HP-UX system and library routinesObtaining an HP-UX file descriptor Using HP-UX file I/OData types Calling C routines from HP FortranData type correspondence for HP Fortran and C Logicals Unsigned integersSize differences between HP Fortran and C data types Size differences after compiling with +autodblComplex sqrcomplexCOMPLEX cmxval Complex numbersExample 21 Example 8-1 passcomplex.f90 Derived types Argument-passing conventionsPointers Example 22 Example 8-2 sqrcomplex.cCase sensitivity Integer ptr INTEGER, DIMENSION100 iarrayVoid fooint *ptr, int iarray100, int Call foo%REFptr, %REFiarray, %VALi$HP$ Alias bubblesort = BubbleSort%REF,%VAL Example 23 Example 8-3 sortem.cExample 24 Example 8-4 testsort.f90 Case sensitivityREAL, DIMENSION2,3,4 Memory layout of a two-dimensional array in Fortran and CArrays IntExample 26 Example 8-6 getarray.c Example 25 Example 8-5 passarray.f90Null-terminated string StringsFortran hidden length argument Passing a stringStrings Following are example C and Fortran programsExample 27 Example 8-7 passchars.f90 File handlingExample 28 Example 8-8 getstring.c File handling Example 29 Example 8-9 fnumtest.f90Int somedata Sharing dataExtern int somedata Extern int globals100Using HP Fortran directives Using Fortran directivesDirective syntax HP Fortran directivesDescription and restrictions Syntax$HP$ Alias name = external-name arg-pass-mode-list NameCase sensitivity Local and global usageArgument-passing conventions For more information StringsExample 31 Example 9-1 prstr.c Example 32 Example 9-2 passstr.f90Specified on the command line Disables the inclusion of source lines in the listing fileExample 33 Example Listing fileControlling vectorization Compatibility directivesCompatibility directives recognized by HP Fortran Vendor Directive CrayControlling dependence checks Controlling parallelizationControlling checks for side effects Compatibility directivesUsing Fortran directives Migrating to HP Fortran Command-line options not supportedIncompatibilities with HP Fortran Compiler limitsFloating-point constants Format field widthsIntrinsic functions Double Precision x =Data types and constants Procedure calls and definitionsDirectives Input/outputFoo**REALbar, 8 ! foo**bar KEY=Source code issues Migration issuesMigration issues MiscellaneousHP Fortran 77 directives supported by f90 options DirectivesIntrinsic functions Command-line option issuesConflicting intrinsics and libU77 routine names F77 options supported by f90Data file issues Object code issuesHP-supplied migration tools Approaches to migration$ fid +800 file.f $ fid +es program.f Compatibility extensions Porting to HP FortranCompatibility statements END structure definitionCompatibility directives Compiler directivesPointer Cray-style +Oparallel orNonstandard intrinsic procedures in HP Fortran Intrinsic proceduresDirective prefixes recognized by HP Fortran +Oparallel or +OvectorizeUninitialized variables Using porting optionsLarge word size Using porting optionsOne-trip do loops $ f90 testloop.f90Example 34 Example 11-1 clash.f90 Name conflictsExternal int1 Source formats Names with appended underscoresEscape sequences Porting from Tru64 to HP Fortran+cfc New options EnhancementsNof66alternate for +noonetrip Porting from Tru64 to HP Fortran+nopadsrc Altparam Check noboundsoptions for example, -nocheckboundsInteroperability with C Fortran 2003 FeaturesInput/output enhancements Miscellaneous enhancementsFortran 2003 Features Object orientation featuresData enhancements 153 Documentation FeedbackGlossary Glossary155 So on. See also row-major orderAlso filename extension 157 Memory faultSee ttv Index Symbols159