HP UX Fortran Software Writing HP-UX applications 107, Calling C routines from HP Fortran 110

Page 5

Vectorization

103

Using the +Ovectorize option

103

Controlling vectorization locally

104

Calling BLAS library routines

105

Controlling code generation for performance

106

7 Writing HP-UX applications

107

Accessing command-line arguments

107

Calling HP-UX system and library routines

108

Using HP-UX file I/O

108

Stream I/O using FSTREAM

108

Performing I/O using HP-UX system calls

108

Establishing a connection to a file

108

Obtaining an HP-UX file descriptor

109

8 Calling C routines from HP Fortran

110

Data types

110

Unsigned integers

111

Logicals

111

Complex numbers

112

Derived types

113

Pointers

113

Argument-passing conventions

113

Case sensitivity

114

Arrays

116

Memory layout of a two-dimensional array in Fortran and C

116

C strings

118

C null-terminated string

118

Fortran hidden length argument

118

Passing a string

118

File handling

120

Sharing data

122

9 Using Fortran directives

123

Directive syntax

123

Using HP Fortran directives

123

$HP$ ALIAS

124

$HP$ CHECK_OVERFLOW

126

$HP$ LIST

127

$HP$ OPTIMIZE

127

Compatibility

directives

128

Controlling

vectorization

128

Controlling parallelization

129

Controlling dependence checks

129

Controlling checks for side effects

129

10 Migrating to HP Fortran

131

Incompatibilities with HP FORTRAN 77

131

Compiler limits

131

Command-line options not supported

131

Format field widths

132

Floating-point constants

132

Intrinsic functions

132

Procedure calls and definitions

133

Data types and constants

133

Input/output

134

Directives

134

Contents 5

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Contents Abstract HP Fortran Programmer GuidePage Contents Controlling data storage Using the on statementDebugging Performance and optimizationWriting HP-UX applications 107 Using Fortran directives 123Calling C routines from HP Fortran 110 Migrating to HP Fortran 131Documentation Feedback 153 Glossary 154 Index 159 Fortran 2003 Features 151Porting to HP Fortran 141 HP secure development lifecycle An overview of HP Fortran An overview of HP FortranHP Fortran compiler environment Options for controlling the f90 driver Driver+dryrun +preinclude= fileOptions for controlling the C preprocessor PreprocessorOptions for controlling the front end Front-end+moddir=directory Options for controlling optimization Back-end+Onooptimization Options for controlling code generationOptimization +DAmodelOptions for controlling the Linker LinkerOoutfile +FPflagsLdirectory Wl ,options ToolsHP-UX operating system F90 command syntax Compiling with the f90 commandCompiling and linking $ f90 hello.f90F90 command syntax Command-line optionsCommand-line options Example 2 hello.f90Commonly-used options Command-line options by categoryCommonly-used options +saveOptions listed by category Option descriptions+allowunaligned Example 3 ExampleDo I+1, N 14164 Data type sizes and +autodbl4+autodbl +autodbl4 Boption+charlit77 +cpp=default+check=bounds +nocfc+DAmodel Name=def+DDdatamodel DatamodelareItanium BlendedItanium2 NativeValues for the +FP option +hugecommon Signals recognized by the +fpexception optionGformat77 Example 4 % f90 +hugecommon=results pcvals.f90 +indirectcommonlist=file /usr/include directory +noimplicitnone+initheapcomplex=rvalival +initheapinteger=ivalIpo +io77+nocheckuf +nolibsRequires concurrent use of the +Oprofile=use option Levels of optimizationWith different values of optlevel +noobjdebug+pa1 +nodemandload the default +demandload option. The default is +nodemandload+r8 +realconstant=singleTp,/usr/ccs/lbin/cpp Tx,pathF90com End.oWx,arg1,arg2,...,argN Bdefault=symbol,symbol Symbol binding optionsBextern =symbol ,symbol Bhidden =symbol ,symbolF90 +O3 +Osize myprog.f90 Using optimization optionsReviewing general optimization options +Onoall +Oconservative+Onoautopar +Oautopar and omit +OparallelF90 +O3 +Onomoveflops +Ofltacc myprog.f90 Fine-tuning optimization optionsDefault is +Odataprefetch Default is +Onocxlimitedrange+Ocachepadcommon option +Onocxlimitedrange+Onofastaccess +Onofenvaccess+Onoentrysched +OnofailsafeOptimizations performed by +Onofltacc +Onoinline +Oinlinebudget=n +Oinlinebudget enables+Onoinlinefilename +Onoinline=function1,function2Millicode versions of intrinsic functions Values for the +Oinlinebudget option+Onoloopunroll=factor +inlinelevel num+Oloopunroll=4 +Onoloopunrolljam+Oparallelintrinsics Default is+Onoparmsoverlap+Onoparmsoverlap +Onopipeline+Onorecovery Default is +OnopromoteindirectcallsDefault is +Oshortdata=8 For +Oprofile=collectarc,strideFilenames recognized by f90 FilenamesLinking with f90 vs. ld Linking HP Fortran programsLibraries linked by default on Itanium Libraries linked by default on PA-RISCLinking to libraries $ f90 -c hello.f90 # compileLinking HP Fortran 90 routines Linking to nondefault librariesOpt/fortran90/lib/pa2064/ -lF90 -lisamstub Additional HP Fortran librariesLinking to shared libraries Compiling programs with modules Special-purpose compilationsLibrary search rules $ f90 -Wl,-a,archive prog.f90 -lmSpecial-purpose compilations Example ExamplesExample 6 Example 2-2 main.f90 Example 7 Example 2-3 code.f90Example 8 Example 2-4 data.f90 Compiling with make$ f90 -o dostats data.f90 code.f90 main.f90 $ dostatsManaging .mod files Compiling for different PA-RISC machinesExample 9 Example 2-5 makefile $ makeCompiling with +pic Creating shared librariesLinking with -b Using the C preprocessorProcessing cpp directives Using the C preprocessorExample 13 Example 2-9 cppdirect.f90 $ f90 +cpp=yes -D Debug cppdirect.f90Saving the cpp output file Creating demand-loadable executablesCreating shared executables Using environment variables Compiling in 64-bit mode$ f90 +noshared prog.f90 HP Fortran environment variablesSTF90COM64 environment variable F90ROOT environment variableHPF90OPTS environment variable $ f90 +list hello.f90Floating installation Floating installationLpath environment variable Mpnumberofthreads environment variableAlternate-path/opt/fortran90.3.6.1 Setting up floating installationDisabling implicit typing Controlling data storageAutomatic and static variables Disabling implicit typingControlling data storage ContainsIncreasing the precision of constants Increasing default data sizes Increasing default data sizesIncreasing default data sizes Which creates multiple threads Sharing data among programsUsr/lib/libpthread.sl Sharing data among programs $ gotosleepIm up Modules vs. common blocks$ wakeup Modules vs. common blocks Stripping debugging information Using the HP WDB debuggerDebugging Signal Signals recognized by +fpexceptionHandling runtime exceptions Floating-point exceptions= 1.0/0.0 Bus error exceptionFloating-point exceptions Segmentation violation exception Illegal instruction exceptionBad argument exception Using debugging linesExceptions handled by the on statement Using the on statementOn REAL8 DIV 0 Call divzerotrap Exceptions handled by the on statementExceptions handled by the on statement Actions specified by onOn Double Precision DIV 0 Call divzerotrap Terminating program execution Ignoring errorsExample 14 Example5-1 abort.f90 Example 15 Example5-2 ignore.f90Trapping floating-point exceptions Calling a trap procedureTrapping integer overflow exceptions On Double Precision Overflow Call trapExample 17 Example5-4 callitrap.f90 Trapping +Ctrl-C trap interruptsAllowing core dumps On Real Overflow Ignore Example 18 Example 5-5 allowcore.f90Using profilers Using profilersPerformance and optimization HP CaliperOpt/ansic/bin/cc -Aa +O3 -o program +Oprofile=collect Comparing Program PerformanceProgram.c ProgramprogramargumentsGprof Using Options to Control Data CollectionSpecifying PBO file names and locations $ gprof prog gprof.outUsing +O to set optimization levels Using options to control optimizationProf $ f90 +O4 file.f90+O2, -O Using the optimization options+O3 +O4$ f90 +02 +Oaggressive +Osize prog.f90 Fine-tuning optimization options$ f90 +O4 +Oaggressive +Ofltacc prog.f90 Packaged optimization options+Ofastaccess at level Is +Onofastaccess at+O2 +Ofltacc=relaxed+Onoinitcheck +Ofltacc=relaxed . ThisFast +Onolibcalls +Oinlinelevel num+Olibcalls +Onoloopunroll=n+Opipeline +Onoparminit+Orecovery +Onoreturn +Oregreassoc+Oshortdata=8 +Ovectorize option on+Owholeprogrammode Conservative vs. aggressive optimization+Onowholeprogrammode Parallelizing HP Fortran programs Conservative, aggressive, and default optimizationsCompiling for parallel execution F90 +O3 +Oparallel -c x.f90 y.f90 F90 +O3 -c z.f90Profiling parallelized programs Performance and parallelizationConditions inhibiting loop parallelization Calling routines with side effects parallellizationData dependences Indeterminate iteration countsVectorization Using the +Ovectorize optionF90 +O3 +Ovectorize prog.f90 Vector routines called by +OvectorizeSaxpy Controlling vectorization locallySdot VecdmultaddExample 19 Example 6-1 axpy.f90 Calling Blas library routinesREAL, External sdot Industry-wide standard VectorizationControlling code generation for performance Writing HP-UX applications Accessing command-line arguments$ fprog arg1 another arg Example 20 Example 7-1 getargs.f90Stream I/O using Fstream Using HP-UX file I/OPerforming I/O using HP-UX system calls Calling HP-UX system and library routinesObtaining an HP-UX file descriptor Using HP-UX file I/OData type correspondence for HP Fortran and C Calling C routines from HP FortranData types Logicals Unsigned integersSize differences between HP Fortran and C data types Size differences after compiling with +autodblExample 21 Example 8-1 passcomplex.f90 Complex numbersComplex sqrcomplexCOMPLEX cmxval Derived types Argument-passing conventionsPointers Example 22 Example 8-2 sqrcomplex.cCase sensitivity Integer ptr INTEGER, DIMENSION100 iarrayVoid fooint *ptr, int iarray100, int Call foo%REFptr, %REFiarray, %VALi$HP$ Alias bubblesort = BubbleSort%REF,%VAL Example 23 Example 8-3 sortem.cExample 24 Example 8-4 testsort.f90 Case sensitivityREAL, DIMENSION2,3,4 Memory layout of a two-dimensional array in Fortran and CArrays IntExample 26 Example 8-6 getarray.c Example 25 Example 8-5 passarray.f90Null-terminated string StringsFortran hidden length argument Passing a stringStrings Following are example C and Fortran programsExample 28 Example 8-8 getstring.c File handlingExample 27 Example 8-7 passchars.f90 File handling Example 29 Example 8-9 fnumtest.f90Int somedata Sharing dataExtern int somedata Extern int globals100Using HP Fortran directives Using Fortran directivesDirective syntax HP Fortran directivesDescription and restrictions Syntax$HP$ Alias name = external-name arg-pass-mode-list NameArgument-passing conventions Local and global usageCase sensitivity For more information StringsExample 31 Example 9-1 prstr.c Example 32 Example 9-2 passstr.f90Specified on the command line Disables the inclusion of source lines in the listing fileExample 33 Example Listing fileControlling vectorization Compatibility directivesCompatibility directives recognized by HP Fortran Vendor Directive CrayControlling dependence checks Controlling parallelizationControlling checks for side effects Compatibility directivesUsing Fortran directives Migrating to HP Fortran Command-line options not supportedIncompatibilities with HP Fortran Compiler limitsFloating-point constants Format field widthsIntrinsic functions Double Precision x =Data types and constants Procedure calls and definitionsDirectives Input/outputFoo**REALbar, 8 ! foo**bar KEY=Source code issues Migration issuesMigration issues MiscellaneousHP Fortran 77 directives supported by f90 options DirectivesIntrinsic functions Command-line option issuesConflicting intrinsics and libU77 routine names F77 options supported by f90Data file issues Object code issuesHP-supplied migration tools Approaches to migration$ fid +800 file.f $ fid +es program.f Compatibility extensions Porting to HP FortranCompatibility statements END structure definitionCompatibility directives Compiler directivesPointer Cray-style +Oparallel orNonstandard intrinsic procedures in HP Fortran Intrinsic proceduresDirective prefixes recognized by HP Fortran +Oparallel or +OvectorizeUninitialized variables Using porting optionsLarge word size Using porting optionsOne-trip do loops $ f90 testloop.f90External int1 Name conflictsExample 34 Example 11-1 clash.f90 Source formats Names with appended underscores+cfc Porting from Tru64 to HP FortranEscape sequences New options EnhancementsNof66alternate for +noonetrip Porting from Tru64 to HP Fortran+nopadsrc Altparam Check noboundsoptions for example, -nocheckboundsInteroperability with C Fortran 2003 FeaturesInput/output enhancements Miscellaneous enhancementsData enhancements Object orientation featuresFortran 2003 Features 153 Documentation FeedbackGlossary Glossary155 So on. See also row-major orderAlso filename extension 157 Memory faultSee ttv 159 SymbolsIndex