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Casio FC-100V, FC-200V DOL, SAL – VC, SAL – VC – FC, kDegree of Financial Leverage Submode (Break-EvenMode 4), SAL, EIT, ITR, DFL, E-86, $80,000, $400,000, Interest, 3. Press E

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ADOL Sub-mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS)

•Variables SAL, VC, FC, and DOL are used in the DOL sub-mode.

•DOL sub-mode variable contents are cleared whenever you change to another mode other than the BEVN Mode sub-modes (BEV, MOS, DOL, DFL, DCL, QTY CONV.).

ACalculation Formula

DOL =

SAL – VC

SAL – VC – FC

SAL : Sales Amount

VC : Variable Cost

FC : Fixed Cost

DOL : Degree of Operating Leverage

kDegree of Financial Leverage Submode (Break-Even Mode 4)

•The Degree of Financial Leverage (DFL) sub-mode lets you calculate the influence of interest on earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).

AEntering the DFL Sub-mode

1. Press Bto enter the Break-Even Mode.

2. Use fc to select “DFL:EXE”.

3. Press E.

Value Input Screen

ASetting Values

No.	Display	Name	Values Used
No.	Display	Name	in Examples
			in Examples
1	EIT	Earnings Before Interest and	$400,000
1	EIT	Taxes (EBIT)	$400,000
		Taxes (EBIT)

2	ITR	Interest	$80,000

3	DFL	Degree of Financial Leverage	1.25

E-86

Contents

Page Important About this Manual Page Initializing the Calculator Safety Precautions Handling Precautions •Use a soft, dry cloth to clean the exterior of the calculator E-6 Contents Initializing the Calculator Handling Precautions Before Using the Calculator Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup Financial Calculation Shortcuts Function Calculations Statistical Calculation Technical Information Reference Specifications Before Using the Calculator Example: Sample Display: This Means this: Page: STAT DMY SCI Calculation Modes and Calculator Setup ADisplaying the Setup Screen To display the setup screen with the skey To display the setup screen by selecting “Set:” on a mode menu ASetup Screen Settings No Setup Description Page AConfiguring Settings 1Payment: Compound Interest (CMPD) Mode Amortization (AMRT) Mode This setting specifies the payment date 1:Begin Periods/Y: Bond Date: 6Date Input: Day Calculation (DAYS) Mode, Bond (BOND) Mode (FC-200Vonly) 1:MDY 2:DMY 1. Use fcto select “Date Input”, and then press E 2.Press 1(1:MDY) or 2(2:DMY) to select the setting you want 1. Use fcto select “B-Even”,and then press E 2.Press 1(1:Quantity) or 2(2:Sales) to select the setting you want 9Digit Sep.: All modes except for the STAT Mode and COMP Mode 1:Superscript Superscript comma 123´456 2.Press 1(1:Deg), 2(2:Rad), or 3(3:Gra) to select the setting you want !Fix: All modes Changing this setting automatically cancels any previous settings made for 1. Use fcto select “Fix”, and then press E 2.Input a value from 0 to 9 to specify the number of decimal places #Norm: All modes Norm1: 10–2 > x, x >1010 Norm2: 10–9 > x, x >1010 Example: 1 ⎟ 200 = 5 ⋅ 10–3 (Norm1) =0.005 (Norm2) %CONTRAST: All modes Note AInitializing the Setup Screen Settings Inputting Expressions and Values AOmitting the Multiplication Sign AFinal Closed Parenthesis ADisplaying a Long Expression ANumber of Input Characters (Bytes) AAbout the Insert and Overwrite Input Modes The cursor is a vertical flashing line AChanging the Character or Function You Just Input Example: To correct the expression 369 ⋅ 13 so it becomes 369 ⋅ 369*13 ADeleting a Character or Function ACorrecting a Calculation AInserting input into a Calculation Basic Calculations AOmitting a Final Closed Parenthesis Example 1: 2% Example 3: Example 4: Example 5: To discount 3500 by 25% 3500 251((%)E Example 6: To discount the sum of 168, 98, and 734 by 20% 168+98+ 734E Example 9: Example 10: Using Multi-statementsin Calculations Using Calculation History Memory and Replay AReplay Function Using Calculator Memory AUsing Answer Memory to Perform a Series of Calculations AInputting Answer Memory Contents into an Expression AIndependent Memory Overview To do this: Perform this key operation: Add the displayed value or ACalculation Examples Using Independent Memory AClearing Independent Memory AVariable Overview Example: 9 ⋅ 6 + 3= 1.425 5 ⋅ ATo select an financial calculation variable in the COMP mode AClearing the Contents of VARS Memories Only 2.“Memory:EXE” (fc), then E E-41 Financial Calculation AOther SMPL Mode Calculations SI SI = –SI SFV = –(PV + SI') Set*1 Payment Period (Payment) Number of Compound Periods Interest Rate ABasic CMPD Mode Procedure Input Precautions Calculating the Number of Compound Periods ACalculating the Number of Months when a Partial Month is Included PV PMT FV log {(1+ iS) ⋅ PMT – FV ⋅ i} (1+ iS) ⋅ PMT – PV ⋅ PMT = – PV + FV PMT n: Number of Compound Periods I% : Interest Rate PV : Present Value (Principal) PMT : Payment Amount FV : Future Value (Principal and Interest, or Final Payment Amount) P/Y : Number of Annual Payments (PMT) CF2 CF3 CF4 CF5 CF6 CF7 CF1 CF0 ABasic CASH Mode Procedure AOther CASH Mode Calculations Example 2: To calculate the internal rate of return (IRR) •In step 3 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select “IRR:Solve” •The IRR calculation result is assigned to financial variable (VARS) Example 3: To calculate the payback period (PBP) NPV = CF0 + CF2 CF3 CFn NFV = NPV ⋅ (1 + i )n BAL INT PRN AEntering the AMRT Mode n*3 ABasic AMRT Mode Procedure 2. Select the value you want to calculate • For this example, use fcto select “BAL: Solve” 3. Press l to perform the calculation • Pressing the Ekey returns to the value input screen AOther AMRT Mode Calculations BAL = PV INT PRN = PMT AEntering the CNVR Mode ABasic CNVR Mode Procedure EFF APR APR AEntering the COST Mode ABasic COST Mode Procedure CST = SEL 1– MRG100 SEL CST SEL AEntering the DAYS Mode ABasic DAYS Mode Procedure AOther DAYS Mode Calculations •Calculation results “d1” and “d2” are not stored in Answer Memory 2.In step 2, select “d2” 2.In step 2, select “d1” ADAYS Mode Financial Calculation Variables (VARS) AEntering the DEPR Mode ABasic DEPR Mode Procedure AOther DEPR Mode Calculations SL1 (PV–FV ) YR1 SLj I% YR1 FPj = (RDVj–1 + FV ) ⋅ FPn+1 = RDVn (YR1G12) RDV1 = PV – FV – FP1 RDVj = RDVj–1 – FPj DB1 = PV ⋅ 100n ⋅ RDV1 = PV – FV – DB1 DBj = (RDVj–1 + FV ) ⋅ 100n RDVj = RDVj–1 – DBj DBn +1 = RDVn Number of Coupon Payments Until Maturity RDV*4 Redemption Price per $100 of face value AOther Setup Items ABasic BOND Mode Procedure AOther BOND Mode Calculations 1.In step 1 of the basic procedure (Example 1), select 2(Term) for “Bond Date” •This replaces input items d1 and d2 with input item n 2.Input 3 for item n • This replaces input items d1 and d2 with input item n 2.Use fc to select 4 “n”, input 3, and then press RDV + PRC = – YLD INT = – A ⋅ CPN DM CST = PRC + INT A⋅ CPN INT AEntering the BEVN Mode ABEVN Mode Sub-modes AEntering the BEV Sub-mode 1. Press Bto enter the Break-EvenMode 2. Use fc to select “BEV:EXE” 3. Press E Display ABasic BEV Sub-modeProcedure AOther BEV Sub-modeCalculations QBE FC + PRF PRC – VCU SBE = FC + PRF ⋅ PRC PRC ⋅ 1– AEntering the MOS Sub-mode ABasic MOS Sub-modeProcedure MOS SAL – SBE SAL kDegree of Operating Leverage Submode (Break-EvenMode 3) ABasic DOL Sub-modeProcedure AOther DOL Sub-modeCalculations DOL SAL – VC SAL – VC – FC kDegree of Financial Leverage Submode (Break-EvenMode 4) ABasic DFL Sub-modeProcedure Example 1: To calculate the degree of financial leverage (DFL) 1.Input the required values from the Setting Values table (page E-86) • For this example, use fc to select 1“EIT”, input 400000, and then press E •Use fc to select 2“ITR”, input 80000, and then press E DFL EIT EIT – ITR kDegree of Combined Leverage Submode (Break-EvenMode 5) ABasic DCL Sub-modeProcedure Example 1: To calculate the degree of combined leverage (DCL) 1.Input the required values from the Setting Values table (page E-88) •Use fc to select 4“ITR”, input 100000, and then press E • For this example, use fc to select 5“DCL” DCL SAL – VC – FC – ITR ABasic QTY CONV. Sub-modeProcedure AQTY CONV. Sub-modeFinancial Calculation Variables (VARS) SAL = PRC ⋅ QTY VC = VCU ⋅ QTY QTY Shortcuts 5.Use fc to select “Shortcut1”, and then press 6.In response to the confirmation screen that appears, press E(Yes) If you want to cancel this operation without assigning anything to u To configure the SHORTCUT2 key 1.Press mto enter the COMP Mode AInitializing the Custom Shortcut Settings u To configure an FMEM key u To use the configured function memory key in a calculation AInitializing the Function Shortcut Settings Function Calculations Page Page Example 1: log216 Example 4: ln e Example 2: (1 + 1)2+2 Example 3: 23 Example 5: 5 32 Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y:Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value •Calculation result θ is displayed in the range of –180° < θ <180° !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd AFactorial (!) AAbsolute Value Calculation (Abs) ARandom Number (Ran#) APermutation (nPr) and Combination (nCr) ARounding Function (Rnd) Display Digits Setting: Norm1 or Norm2 Display Digits Setting: Fix or Sci Page Statistical Calculation ASTAT Editor Screen AFREQ (Frequency) Column ARules for Inputting Sample Data on the STAT Editor Screen Data you input is inserted into the cell where the cursor is located. Use fcde ASTAT Editor Screen Input Precautions APrecautions Concerning Sample Data Storage AEditing Sample Data Replacing the Data in a Cell 1.On the STAT editor screen, move the cursor to the cell you want to edit 2.Input the new data value or expression, and then press Deleting a Line ASTAT Menu Items Common Items Select this When you want to do this: menu item: xσn MinMax Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)6(MinMax)) 1minX Minimum value 2maxX Maximum value Page Page ACommands when Linear Regression Calculation (A+BX) Is Selected yσn {n.Σx2 – (Σx)2}{n.Σy2 – (Σy)2} 5Σxy 7Σx2y 3x n 6y n Reg Sub-menu (17(S-MENU)7(Reg)) Linear Regression Calculation Example 8: ACommands when Quadratic Regression Calculation (_+CX2) Is Selected Sx2y.Sxx – Sxy.Sxx2 (Σx)2 Sxy = Σxy (Σx.Σy) (Σx.Σx2) Quadratic Regression Calculation Example 11: Example 12: Example 13: → m → n AComments for Other Types of Regression Statistical Calculation Type B= n.Σ(lnx)y – Σlnx.Σy n.Σ(lnx)2 – (Σlnx)2 {n.Σ(lnx)2 – (Σlnx)2}{n.Σy2 – (Σy)2} {n.Σx2 – (Σx)2}{n.Σ(lny)2 – (Σlny)2} B= n.Σlnxlny – Σlnx.Σlny n.Σ(lnx)2 – (Σlnx)2 n.Σlnxlny – Σlnx.Σlny Comparison of Regression Curves Example 14: Other Types of Regression Calculation Example 15: y = A + Blnx Example 16: y = AeBx x y 1. s Example 17: y = ABx Example 18: y = AxB Example 19: y = A + –– ACommand Usage Tips Technical Information Page Page Calculation Range and Precision Function Calculation Input Ranges and Precision Input Range nPr Financial Calculation Ranges Compound Interest Mode When calculating “n” When calculating “I” When calculating “PV”, “PMT”, “FV” Depreciation Mode When calculating “Depreciation” One or more of “PV”, “FV”, “i%” is negative value Argument ERROR Bond Mode Math ERROR Cause •Your input exceeds the allowable input range Action Stack ERROR Argument ERROR If the above steps do not correct your problem, press the 4.Initialize all modes and settings by performing the following operation: (1)O19(CLR) (2)“All:EXE” (fc), then E Reference Page Auto Power Off Specifications CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD