UL Bleach Formulations

Two UL Bleach formulations are available to fill various laboratory operating and environmental needs. They are:

•Ammonium UL or “UL House” Bleach. This formulation contains the highest percentage of ammonium ion which maximizes bleach activity. Because the least amount of active ingredients are necessary, this is the least expensive of the UL bleach varieties to operate. The use of ammonia in a laboratory may present some handling and odor considerations and is restricted in some sewer districts.

The “UL House” Bleach formulation was derived to allow for a common tank and replenisher to be used for both Processes ECN and ECP. Its advantage is less mixing and solution handling between the two processes.

•Potassium “UL House” Bleach combines the advantages of a non-ammonium formulation with a house system where one replenisher feeds tanks for both Processes ECN and ECP. Through replenisher rate manipulation, the tanks for Processes ECN and ECP are maintained at appropriate levels so bleaching is completed while excess carryout is avoided.

Selecting a Bleach Formulation

Experimentation has shown that an all-ammonium bleach is the most active and, therefore, needs the minimum amount of iron (and the associated amount of PDTA) for adequate bleaching. When potassium cations are substituted for ammonium, more iron is needed to complete bleaching for the same time and temperature. The best formulation for use in a given lab should be determined based on several operating factors. Some of the factors to consider are:

•Local chemical cost and availability

•Laboratory ventilation factors

•Restrictions on sewer discharge

Controlling Bleach Tank Concentration with Replenisher Rate

Since bleach systems are subject to evaporation in the machine, overflow and replenisher holding tanks, system evaporation often plays a significant part in striking a balance between replenisher concentration, replenisher rate, and tank concentration. The best way to adjust between these factors, especially in a house system, is to vary the replenisher rate to maintain the desired tank concentration. Allowing the tank concentration to run high creates waste due to carryout. A low tank concentration presents the danger of inadequate bleaching. A new system should be started up using the suggested replenisher rates given for each bleach version. As the process or system seasons, the rates may be adjusted to give the desired tank concentrations. Bromide, iron, and pH are the critical parameters and should stay within limits given. If bromide or iron is too high, no harm to the process or film will occur, but expensive chemicals will be wasted due to carryout.

Conversion to UL Bleach

The advantages of converting to the UL bleach, from ferricyanide bleach (SR-27) are:

•UL bleach maintains a cleaner tank

•UL bleach forms no prussian blue

•UL bleach is easier to regenerate

•UL bleach regenerates into a cleaner replenisher

The advantages of converting to the UL bleach, from persulfate bleach are:

•UL bleach has more bleaching power

•UL bleach has a longer solution life

•UL bleach is less sensitive to process variations

Mechanical changes are minor; adjust controls to keep the bleach at 27°C (80°F). Solution times and replenishment rates do not change.

If using the ferricyanide bleach currently, first remove any red brass from the system, then clean up the bleach system. A high pH wash (10 to 12) will help eliminate any prussian blue in the system. Three cleaning cycles are recommended.

If persulfate bleach is now in your machine, a series of hot water rinses is needed in the accelerator and bleach tanks. The bleach and accelerator tanks should be filled with hot water and the recirculation and replenishment system turned on. Three to five cleaning cycles are recommended.

Process ECP-2E Specifications

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Kodak Module 9 specifications UL Bleach Formulations, Conversion to UL Bleach, Selecting a Bleach Formulation
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Module 9 specifications

The Kodak Module 9 is a significant advancement in the world of imaging technology, specifically designed for professionals and enthusiasts seeking high-quality photo prints and efficient workflow solutions. As part of the Kodak line of products, the Module 9 offers a combination of cutting-edge technology and user-friendly features that cater to a diverse range of photographic needs.

One of the standout features of the Kodak Module 9 is its exceptional image quality. Leveraging advanced color science and innovative printing technologies, it produces vibrant and accurate color reproductions, ensuring that every detail of an image is captured and presented in its true form. This is particularly beneficial for photographers who require precise color representation, such as those working in fashion, product photography, or art reproduction.

The Kodak Module 9 is built with a high-performance print engine that supports various media types and sizes. This versatility allows for printing on everything from glossy photographic paper to fine art textures, enabling users to experiment with different materials to achieve their desired aesthetic. Additionally, the device is capable of producing large format prints, making it an ideal choice for those who need expansive visuals for exhibitions or displays.

Incorporating advanced connectivity options, the Module 9 ensures a seamless integration into modern workflows. It features Wi-Fi, USB, and Ethernet connectivity, which facilitates easy printing from multiple devices, whether it’s a camera, laptop, or mobile device. This flexibility is crucial for busy professionals who require quick turnaround times without compromising on quality.

One of the defining characteristics of the Kodak Module 9 is its user-friendly interface. The intuitive touchscreen display simplifies navigation, allowing users to easily adjust settings, select print modes, and monitor printing progress. This ease of use reduces the learning curve for new users, making it accessible to a wider audience.

In terms of sustainability, Kodak has incorporated environmentally friendly practices in the Module 9’s manufacturing and operation. The device supports energy-efficient modes and uses ink cartridges designed to minimize waste, aligning with the growing emphasis on sustainability in photography.

In conclusion, the Kodak Module 9 represents a forward-thinking solution in the photography and printing landscape. With its remarkable image quality, versatile media handling, robust connectivity, and user-oriented design, it stands out as a powerful tool for professionals aiming to elevate their imaging projects while maintaining an efficient and eco-friendly workflow.
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