Appendix A - TCP/IP Description

Appendix A - TCP/IP Description

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is a protocol suite and related applications developed for the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1970s and 1980s specifically to permit different types of computers to communicate and exchange information with one another. TCP/IP is currently mandated as an official U.S. Department of Defense protocol and is also widely used in the UNIX community.

Before you install TCP/IP on your network, you need to establish your Internet addressing strategy. First, choose a domain name for your company. A domain name is the unique Internet name, usually the name of your business, that identifies your company. For example, Multi-Tech’s domain name is multitech.com ( .com indicates this is a commercial organization; .edu denotes educational organizations, .gov denotes government organizations). Next, determine how many IP addresses you’ll need. This depends on how many individual network segments you have, and how many systems on each segment need to be connected to the Internet. You’ll need an IP address for each network interface on each computer and hardware device.

IP addresses are 32 bits long and come in two types: network and host. Network addresses

come in five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. Each class of network address is allocated a certain number of host addresses. For example, a class B network can have a maximum of 65,534 hosts, while a class C network can have only 254. The class A and B addresses have been exhausted, and the class D and E addresses are reserved for special use. Consequently, companies now seeking an Internet connection are limited to class C addresses.

Early IP implementations ran on hosts commonly interconnected by Ethernet local area networks (LAN). Every transmission on the LAN contains the local network, or medium access control (MAC), address of the source and destination nodes. The MAC address is 48-bits in length and is non-hierarchical; MAC addresses are never the same as IP addresses.

When a host needs to send a datagram to another host on the same network, the sending application must know both the IP and MAC addresses of the intended receiver. Unfortunately, the IP process may not know the MAC address of the receiver. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), described in RFC 826 (located at ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc826.txt) provides a mechanism for a host to determine a receiver’s MAC address from the IP address. In the process, the host sends an ARP packet in a frame containing the MAC broadcast address; and then the ARP request advertises the destination IP address and asks for the associated MAC address. The station on the LAN that recognizes its own IP address will send an ARP response with its own MAC address. An ARP message is carried directly in an IP datagram.

Other address resolution procedures have also been defined, including those which allow a diskless processor to determine its IP address from its MAC address (Reverse ARP, or RARP), provides a mapping between an IP address and a frame relay virtual circuit identifier (Inverse ARP, or InARP), and provides a mapping between an IP address and ATM virtual path/channel identifiers (ATMARP).

The TCP/IP protocol suite comprises two protocols that correspond roughly to the OSI Transport and Session Layers; these protocols are called the Transmission Control Protocol and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Individual applications are referred to by a port identifier in TCP/UDP messages. The port identifier and IP address together form a “socket”. Well-known port numbers on the server side of a connection include 20 (FTP data transfer), 21 (FTP control), 23 (Telnet), 25 (SMTP), 43 (whois), 70 (Gopher), 79 (finger), and 80 (HTTP).

TCP, described in RFC 793 ( ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc793.txt) provides a virtual circuit (connection-oriented) communication service across the network. TCP includes rules for formatting messages, establishing and terminating virtual circuits, sequencing, flow control, and error correction. Most of the applications in the TCP/IP suite operate over the “reliable” transport service provided by TCP.

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MVP120 specifications

Multi-Tech Systems MVP120 is an advanced communication device designed to enhance various applications across industries. It is a part of the Multi-Tech's MVP (MultiVoIP) product line, which is renowned for its versatility and robustness in VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) solutions. The MVP120 provides businesses with an efficient way to convert traditional analog voice signals into digital formats suitable for transmission over the Internet or other digital networks.

One of the main features of the MVP120 is its support for up to 12 voice channels. This capability allows multiple calls to be managed simultaneously, making it an ideal choice for businesses with high call volumes. The device offers a seamless integration with existing telephony systems, enabling users to retain their current infrastructure while benefiting from the added advantages of VoIP technology.

The MVP120 utilizes advanced Voice over IP protocols, including SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), which facilitates the establishment, management, and termination of voice sessions over the internet. SIP compatibility enhances interoperability with various service providers and existing communication systems, ensuring a flexible and scalable solution for businesses of all sizes.

Another noteworthy characteristic of the MVP120 is its built-in T.38 fax support. This enables the transmission of fax documents over IP networks, ensuring reliable delivery even in environments where traditional fax machines may experience disruptions. This feature is particularly beneficial for organizations that still rely on fax communication while transitioning to more modern digital systems.

Security is a primary concern in today’s digital environment, and the MVP120 addresses this with comprehensive protocol support, including SRTP (Secure Real-time Transport Protocol) and TLS (Transport Layer Security). These technologies ensure that voice communications remain secure and private, protecting sensitive information from potential threats.

The MVP120 is also designed with user-friendly management and configuration in mind. It features a web-based interface that makes it easy for administrators to set up and manage the device remotely. This simplifies the deployment process and minimizes downtime, allowing businesses to maintain operational continuity.

In essence, the Multi-Tech Systems MVP120 stands out as a powerful tool for businesses seeking to embrace the benefits of VoIP technology while maintaining reliable communication through traditional means. Its combination of voice channels, protocol support, fax capabilities, and security features make it an excellent choice for modern enterprises aiming to enhance their communication systems.
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