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National Instruments IMAQ Vision for LabWindows TM /CVI Making Grayscale and Color Measurements

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© National Instruments Corporation 3-1 IMAQ Vision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual

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Making Grayscale and Color Measurements

This chapter describes how to take measurements from grayscale and color

images. You can make inspection decisions based on image statistics, such

as the mean intensity level in a region. Based on the image statistics, you

can perform many machine vision inspection tasks on grayscale or color

images, such as detecting the presence or absence of components, detecting

flaws in parts, and comparing a color component with a reference.

Figure 3-1 illustrates the basic steps involved in making grayscale and

color measurements.

Figure 3-1. Steps to Taking Grayscale and Color Measurements

Define Regions of Interest

A region of interest (ROI) is an area of an image in which you want

to focus your image analysis. You can define an ROI interactively,

programmatically, or with an image mask.

Defining Regions Interactively

You can interactively define an ROI in a window that displays an image.

Use the tools from the IMAQ Vision tools palette to interactively define and

manipulate an ROI.

Define Regions of Interest

Measure

Grayscale Statistics

Measure

Color Statistics

Contents

Main IMAQ Page Important Information Warranty Copyright Trademarks Patents Contents About This Manual Chapter 1 Introduction to IMAQ Vision Chapter 2 Getting Measurement-Ready Images Chapter 3 Making Grayscale and Color Measurements Chapter 4 Performing Particle Analysis Chapter 5 Performing Machine Vision Tasks Chapter 6 Calibrating Images Page About This Manual Conventions Related Documentation IMAQ Vision NI Vision Assistant NI Vision Builder for Automated Inspection Other Documentation Introduction to IMAQ Vision About IMAQ Vision Application Development Environments IMAQ Vision Function Tree IMAQ Machine Vision Function Tree Creating IMAQ Vision Applications Chapter 1 Introduction to IMAQ Vision National Instruments Corporation 1-5 IMAQ Vision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual Chapter 1 Introduction to IMAQ Vision IMAQ Vision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual 1-6 ni.com Getting Measurement-Ready Images Set Up Your Imaging System Calibrate Your Imaging System Create an Image Page Source and Destination Images Acquire or Read an Image Acquiring an Image Reading a File Converting an Array to an Image Display an Image Attach Calibration Information Analyze an Image Improve an Image Lookup Tables Filters Convolution Filter Nth Order Filter Grayscale Morphology FFT Complex Image Operations Making Grayscale and Color Measurements Define Regions of Interest Defining Regions Interactively Page Page Page Tools Palette Transformation Defining Regions Programmatically Defining Regions with Masks Measure Grayscale Statistics Measure Color Statistics Figure 3-4. Primary Components of a 32-Bit Color Image Figure 3-5. Primary Components of a 64-Bit Color Image Note You can also use imaqExtractColorPlanes() to process the red, green, and blue components of a 64-bit image. Comparing Colors Learning Color Information Specifying the Color Information to Learn Using the Entire Image Using a Region in the Image Using Multiple Regions in the Image Choosing a Color Representation Sensitivity Ignoring Learned Colors Performing Particle Analysis Create a Binary Image Improve the Binary Image Removing Unwanted Particles Separating Touching Particles Improving Particle Shapes Make Particle Measurements Page Page Page Page Page Page Performing Machine Vision Tas ks Locate Objects to Inspect Page Using Edge Detection to Build a Coordinate Transform Page Using Pattern Matching to Build a Coordinate Transform Chapter 5 Performing Machine Vision Tasks National Instruments Corporation 5-7 IMAQ Vision for LabWindows/CVI User Manual Choosing a Method to Build the Coordinate Transform Figure 5-4. Building a Coordinate Transform Set Search Areas Defining Regions Interactively Defining Regions Programmatically Find Measurement Points Finding Features Using Edge Detection Finding Lines or Circles Finding Edge Points Along One Search Contour Finding Edge Points Along Multiple Search Contours Finding Points Using Pattern Matching Defining and Creating Good Template Images Symmetry Feature Detail Positional Information Background Information Training the Pattern Matching Algorithm Defining a Search Area Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances Match Mode Minimum Contrast Rotation Angle Ranges Testing the Search Algorithm on Test Images Using a Ranking Method to Verify Results Finding Points Using Color Pattern Matching Defining and Creating Good Color Template Images Color Information Symmetry Feature Detail Positional Information Training the Color Pattern Matching Algorithm Defining a Search Area Setting Matching Parameters and Tolerances Color Sensitivity Search Strategy Color Score Weight Minimum Contrast Rotation Angle Ranges Testing the Search Algorithm on Test Images Finding Points Using Color Location Convert Pixel Coordinates to Real-World Coordinates Make Measurements Distance Measurements Analytic Geometry Measurements Instrument Reader Measurements Identify Parts Under Inspection Classifying Samples Reading Characters Reading Barcodes Reading 1D Barcodes Reading Data Matrix Barcodes Reading PDF417 Barcodes Display Results Page Page Calibrating Images Perspective and Nonlinear Distortion Calibration Defining a Calibration Template Defining a Reference Coordinate System Page Learning Calibration Information Specifying Scaling Factors Choosing a Region of Interest Choosing a Learning Algorithm Using the Learning Score Learning the Error Map Learning the Correction Table Setting the Scaling Method Calibration Invalidation Simple Calibration Save Calibration Information Attach Calibration Information A Technical Support and Professional Services Glossary Numbers A B Page C D E F G H I Page J K L Page M N O P Q R S T V Index Numerics A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W