Powerware 1500 VA - 60kVa Power Problems and Their UPS Solutions, Power Problem Definition Cause

POWER PROTECTION

9 Power Problems and Their UPS Solutions

	Power Problem	Definition*	Cause*
1		A total loss of utility power	Can be caused by a number of events:
			lightning strikes, downed power lines, grid
			over-demands, accidents and natural
	Power Failure		disasters.
2		Short-term low voltage	Triggered by the startup of large loads,
			utility switching, utility equipment failure,
			lightning and power service that’s too
			small for the demand. In addition to crashes,
	Power Sag
			sags can damage hardware.
3		Short-term high voltage	Can be caused by a lightning strike and
		above 110% of nominal	can send line voltages to levels in excess
			of 6,000 volts. A spike almost always
	Power Surge		results in data loss or hardware damage.
	(Spike)
4		Reduced line voltage	Can be caused by an intentional utility
		extended periods few	voltage reduction to conserve power
		minutes to days	during peak demand periods or other
	Under-voltage		heavy loads that exceed supply capacity.
	(Brownout)
5		Increased line voltage	Triggered by a rapid reduction in power
		for extended periods	loads, heavy equipment being turned off, of a
		few minutes to a	or by utility switching. The results can
	Over-voltage	few days.	potentially damage hardware.
6		High frequency waveform	Can be caused by either RFI or EMI caused by
		EMI interference	interference generated by transmitters,
	Electrical		welding devices, SCR driven printers,
	Line Noise		lightning, etc.
7		A change in frequency	Resulting from generator or small
		stability	co-generation sites being loaded and
			unloaded. Frequency variation can cause
	Frequency		erratic operation, data loss, system crashes
	Variation		and equipment damage.

Solution

Single-phase Series 3 UPS	phase Series 5 UPS
	Single-	9 UPS
		Single- and Three-phase Series

8	Instantaneous	Normal duration is shorter than a spike
	and under-voltage (notch)	and generally falls in the range of
	in the range of	nanoseconds.
Switching	nanoseconds
Transient
9	Distortion of the normal	Switch mode power supplies, variable
	line waveform, generally	speed motors and drives, copiers and fax
	transmitted by nonlinear	machines are examples of non-linear
Harmonic	loads	loads. Can cause communication errors,
		over heating and hardware damage.
Distortion
*Reference IEEE E-050R & old FIPS PUB 94

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