Adaptec 44300 RAID Technology Overview, RAID 0 Non-RAID Arrays, Understanding Drive Segments

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Appendix B: Understanding RAID ● 65

RAID Technology Overview

RAID is the technology of grouping several physical drives into an array that you can define as one or more logical drives. Each logical drive appears to the operating system as a single drive. This grouping technique greatly enhances logical-drive capacity and performance beyond the physical limitations of a single physical drive.

When you group multiple physical drives into a logical drive, the HostRAID controller can transfer data in parallel from the multiple drives in the array. This parallel transfer yields data- transfer rates that are many times higher than with non-arrayed drives, allowing the system to better meet the throughput (amount of data processed in a given amount of time) or productivity needs of a multi-user network environment.

The ability to respond to multiple data requests provides not only an increase in throughput, but also a decrease in response time. The combination of parallel transfers and simultaneous responses to multiple requests allows disk arrays to provide a high level of performance in network environments.

Understanding Drive Segments

A drive segment is a disk drive or portion of a disk drive that is used to create an array. A disk drive can include both RAID segments (segments that are part of an array) and available segments. Each segment can be part of only one logical device at a time. If a disk drive is not part of any logical device, the entire disk is an available segment.

Stripe-Unit Size

With RAID technology, data is striped across an array of physical drives. This data-distribution scheme complements the way the operating system requests data.

The granularity at which data is stored on one drive of the array before subsequent data is stored on the next drive of the array is called the stripe-unit size.

You can set the stripe-unit size to 16, 32, or 64 KB. You can maximize the performance of your HostRAID controller by setting the stripe-unit size to a value that is close to the size of the system I/O requests. For example, performance in transaction-based environments, which typically involve large blocks of data, might be optimal when the stripe-unit size is set to 32 or 64 KB. However, performance in file and print environments, which typically involve multiple small blocks of data, might be optimal when the stripe-unit size is set to 16 KB.

The collection of stripe units, from the first drive of the array to the last drive of the array, is called a stripe.

RAID 0 (Non-RAID Arrays)

An array with RAID 0 includes two or more disk drives (maximum twelve) and provides data striping, where data is distributed evenly across the disk drives in equal-sized sections.

RAID 0 arrays do not maintain redundant data, so they offer no data protection. However, compared to an equal-sized group of independent disks, a RAID 0 array provides improved I/O performance.

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Contents SAS and Sata HostRAID Controller Copyright Adaptec Customer Support Limited 3-Year Hardware Warranty Regulatory Compliance Statements Contents Getting Started Managing Your Storage Space Using the ARC Utility Safety Information What You Need to Know Before You Begin About This GuideWhat You Need to Know Before You Begin How to Find More InformationTerminology Used in this Guide Conventions Used in This GuideAbout This Guide l About Your HostRAID Controller Array Level Features HostRAID Controller FeaturesAbout Your HostRAID Controller l PCI-X About the Adaptec 58300 ControllerAbout the Adaptec 48300 Controller About the Adaptec 44300 Controller About the Adaptec 1430SA Controller About the Adaptec 1420SA Controller About the Adaptec 1220SA Controller About the Adaptec 1225SA Controller Kit Contents and System Requirements System Requirements Kit ContentsInstalling the HostRAID Controller Disk Drives Before You Begin Installing the HostRAID ControllerSelecting SAS Cables Selecting Disk DrivesInstalling the HostRAID Controller and Disk Drives l Selecting Sata Cables Connecting Disk Drives to SAS HostRAID ControllersConnecting to a Backplane Connecting Directly to the HostRAID ControllerConnecting Disk Drives to Sata HostRAID Controllers Installing the SAS HostRAID Controller to a SAS ExpanderChecking Your Controller and Devices Setting the Boot Controller Next Steps Getting Started Basic Installation Steps Choosing Installation OptionsInstalling with an Operating System Choosing a RAID LevelInstalling on an Existing Operating System Creating a Bootable Array Creating an Array Creating an Array with the ACUCreating an Array with Adaptec Storage Manager Select Express configuration..., then click Next Making Your Array BootableInstalling the Driver and an Operating System Creating a Driver Disk Installing with WindowsInstalling with Suse Linux Installing with Red Hat LinuxInstalling with NetWare Installing the Driver on an Existing Operating System Creating a Driver Disk or an Array Installing on Windows XP or WindowsInstalling on Windows Vista Installing on Red Hat or Suse LinuxInstalling on NetWare Continue with Managing Your Storage Space on Managing Your Storage Space About the Hrconf Command Line Utility Installing Adaptec Storage ManagerAbout Adaptec Storage Manager About the ARC Utility About the Adaptec Flash UtilityWhich Utility Should I Use? Solving Problems Recovering from a Disk Drive Failure Troubleshooting ChecklistFailed Disk Drive Protected by a Hot Spare Failed Disk Drive Not Protected by a Hot SpareFailure in Multiple Arrays Simultaneously Resetting the ControllerDisk Drive Failure in a RAID 0 Array Multiple Failures in the Same ArraySolving Problems l Understanding RAID RAID 0 Non-RAID Arrays RAID Technology OverviewUnderstanding Drive Segments Stripe-Unit SizeRAID 10 Arrays RAID 1 ArraysSelecting the Best RAID Level Introduction to SAS Terminology Used in This Appendix What is SAS?How Do SAS Devices Communicate? What’s a Phy?What’s a SAS Port? What’s a SAS Address? What’s a SAS Connector?What do SAS Cables Look Like? How are Disk Drives Identified in SAS?Direct-Attach Connections What are the SAS Connection Options?Backplane Connections SAS Expander ConnectionsSAS Domain How is SAS Different from Parallel SCSI?Parallel Scsi Serial Attached Scsi Using the ARC Utility Running the ARC Utility Introduction to the ARC UtilityCreating and Managing Arrays Creating a New ArrayQuick Init Creating a RAID 0 on new drives Managing Arrays Rebuilding ArraysViewing Array Properties Adding/Deleting Hot Spares Deleting ArraysEnabling/Disabling Write Cache Managing Bootable Arrays and Devices Using SerialSelectConfiguring Disk Drives Atapi SupportDevice SerialSelect OptionsPHY Configuration Using SATASelectSATASelect Options Formatting and Verifying Disk DrivesIdentifying Disk Drives Locating Disk DrivesViewing the Event Log DOS Using the Adaptec Flash Utility forIntroduction Compatibility InformationObtaining the Firmware Running the AFU Creating the Firmware Kit On Floppy DisksRunning the Menu-Based AFU AFU Commands Running the AFU from the Command LineExamples Command Syntax Command SwitchesExample Update \ AFU Verify /C Updating Flash Using AFU Command LineTo update a single HostRAID controller HostRAID Controller LED and I2C Connector Reference Adaptec 48300 Activity LED Connector Specification Adaptec 58300 Activity LED Connector SpecificationAdaptec 1430SA Activity LED and I2C Connector Specification Adaptec 44300 Activity LED Connector SpecificationLedsum Adaptec 1420SA Activity LED and I2C Connector SpecificationAdaptec 1225SA Activity LED Specification Adaptec 1220SA Activity LED Connector SpecificationElectrostatic DischargeESD Safety InformationTechnical Specifications Environmental Specifications DC Power RequirementsCurrent Requirements Glossary Configured array ConfigureConsistency check command BuildDisk ID Fault-tolerant arrayDrive LED EventLegacy disk Native Command QueuingLogical device Low-level formatSimple volume RAID volumeRAID signature RebuildStripe size VolumeStriped array TaskACU IndexSATASelect SerialSelect utilities SATASelect Adaptec, Inc

1430SA, 1225SA, 1420SA, 1220SA, 48300 specifications

Adaptec, a prominent name in the world of storage solutions, offers a diverse array of RAID controller cards aimed at enhancing data storage and management in both consumer and enterprise markets. Among its acclaimed products are the Adaptec 1220SA, 1430SA, 44300, 1225SA, and 1420SA. These cards ensure increased data protection, improved performance, and greater scalability.

The Adaptec 1220SA is a robust SATA RAID controller designed for small to medium-sized businesses. It supports RAID levels 0, 1, 1E, 5, and 10, providing flexibility for users to optimize data redundancy and performance. With the capability of handling up to four SATA drives, it guarantees an efficient and reliable setup while minimizing potential data loss. The controller also features an intuitive web-based management interface, making it easier to administer and configure.

The Adaptec 1430SA extends similar functionality with enhanced features. It is designed to accommodate up to eight SATA drives and supports the latest 3 Gbps SATA technology. This model includes optional battery backup for preserving critical data during unexpected power outages, ensuring that users maintain data integrity and protection at all times.

In the enterprise domain, the Adaptec 44300 shines as a high-performance RAID controller. It offers support for 12 SATA drives, which allows for expansive storage scalability, crucial for data-intensive applications. The advanced RAID features include support for RAID 6, providing dual parity data protection. The controller is built with a powerful processor and memory, allowing for faster data processing and enhanced throughput.

The Adaptec 1225SA is another noteworthy model. Designed for entry-level RAID applications, it offers a balanced combination of performance and reliability. Supporting up to four SATA drives, the 1225SA is particularly well-suited for environments where uptime is critical, delivering functionalities such as hot-swapping. This feature allows users to replace failed drives without shutting down the system, significantly reducing downtime.

Lastly, the Adaptec 1420SA caters to users who require a cost-effective but reliable storage solution. With support for RAID 0, 1, and JBOD, it is a versatile option for enthusiasts and small businesses. The controller can manage up to two SATA drives, making it ideal for basic applications where simplicity and efficiency are paramount.

Collectively, these Adaptec controllers showcase cutting-edge RAID technology and storage management features, reinforcing their position as reliable options for users ranging from home users to enterprise-level organizations seeking optimal data storage solutions.
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