Diamond Systems PR-Z32-EA-ST Input voltage = A/D value / 32768 * Full-scale input range

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14.7 Convert the numerical data to a meaningful value

Once you have the A/D value, you need to convert it to a meaningful value. The first step is to convert it back to the actual measured voltage. Afterwards you may need to convert the voltage to some other engineering units (for example, the voltage may come from a temperature sensor, and then you would need to convert the voltage to the corresponding temperature according to the temperature sensor’s characteristics).

Since there are a large number of possible input devices, this secondary step is not included here; only conversion to input voltage is described. However you can combine both transformations into a single formula if desired.

To convert the A/D value to the corresponding input voltage, use the following formulas:

Conversion Formula for Bipolar Input Ranges

Input voltage = A/D value / 32768 * Full-scale input range

Example: Input range is ±5V and A/D value is 17761:

Input voltage = 17761 / 32768 * 5V = 2.710V

For a bipolar input range, 1 LSB = 1/32768 * Full-scale voltage.

Here is an illustration of the relationship between A/D code and input voltage for a bipolar input range (VFS = Full scale input voltage):

A/D Code

Input voltage symbolic formula

Input voltage for ±5V range

-32768

-VFS

-5.0000V

-32767

-VFS+ 1 LSB

-4.9998V

…

…

…

-1

-1 LSB

-0.00015V

0

0

0.0000V

1

+1 LSB

0.00015V

…

…

…

32767

VFS - 1 LSB

4.9998V

Conversion Formula for Unipolar Input Ranges

Input voltage = (A/D value + 32768) / 65536 * Full-scale input range

Example: Input range is 0-5V and A/D value is 17761:

Input voltage = (17761 + 32768) / 65536 * 5V = 3.855V

For a unipolar input range, 1 LSB = 1/65536 * Full-scale voltage.

Here is an illustration of the relationship between A/D code and input voltage for a unipolar input range (VFS = Full scale input voltage):

A/D Code

Input voltage symbolic formula

Input voltage for 0-5V range

-32768

0V

0.0000V

-32767

1 LSB (VFS / 65536)

0.000076V

…

…

…

-1

VFS / 2 - 1 LSB

2.4999V

0

VFS / 2

2.5000V

1

VFS / 2 + 1 LSB

2.5001V

…

…

…

32767

VFS - 1 LSB

4.9999V

Prometheus CPU User Manual V1.44

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Contents Prometheus Table of Contents 22.2 22.4Description CPUProcessor Section FeaturesSystem Features Analog Output Counter/TimersAnalog Input Digital I/OPrometheus Board Drawing Cable a Main I/O Connector J3O Headers Cable BLPT1 Connector Part NumbersCOM1 COM4 IR RX, IR TXInput Power J11 USB J5 Output Power J12Ethernet J4 Auxiliary Serial Port Connector J15 Watchdog/Failsafe Features J6Floppy Drive J7 IDE Drive J8Data Acquisition I/O Connector J14 Model PR-Z32-EA only Signal Name Definition11 PC/104 Bus Connectors J2 PC/104 16-bit bus connector J1 PC/104 8-bit bus connectorCmos RAM Jumper ConfigurationJ10 System Configuration J6 Watchdog Timer & System Recovery CPU Chip Selects System FeaturesSystem Resources Console Redirection to a Serial Port Watchdog Timer System Reset Failsafe Mode / Bios RecoveryBackup Battery Flash MemoryDOS BiosBios Settings Bios Download / Recovery Operating System Formatting Initial SetupDisk-On-Board Flash File Storage Known Limitations Life Cycle Management and CalculationsSystem I/O EthernetSerial Ports Parallel PortBooting to DOS From a Floppy Drive Installing an OS From a Floppy Drive onto a Flashdisk ModuleInstalling an OS from a Hard Disk onto a Flashdisk Module Data Acquisition Circuit Base + Write Function Read Function Data Acquisition Circuitry I/O MAPBase Address LSBData Acquisition Circuit Register Map AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0Base + Command RegisterRegister Bit Definitions Base + Write Not Used Read Base + ReadValue = Base + 0 value + Base + 1 value AD9 AD8Base + Read/Write Channel Register Base + Write Analog Input Gain Base + Read Analog Input Status STS Wait Dacbsy OVF ScanenBase + Read/Write Fifo Threshold Base + Read/Write Interrupt / DMA / Counter ControlCKSEL1 CKFRQ1 CKFRQ0 Adclk Dmaen Tinte Dinte Ainte FT5 FT4 FT3 FT2 FT1 FT0Base + Read Channel and Fifo Status Base + WriteDA7 DA6 DA5 DA4 DA3 DA2 DA1 DA0 FD5 FD4 FD3 FD2 FD1 FD0DA9 DA8 Base + Write DAC MSB + Channel NoDACH1 DACH0 Base + Read Analog Operation StatusDioctr Dira Dirch Dirb Dircl Base + Read / WriteBase + Read / Write Digital I/O Control Register Dioctr =Base + Read/Write Counter/Timer D23 Base + Read/Write Counter/Timer D7Base + Read/Write Counter/Timer D15 Base + Write Counter/Timer Control Register Ctrno Latch Gtdis Gten Ctdis Cten Load CLRBase + Read Fpga Revision Code REV7 REV6 REV5 REV4 REV3 REV2 REV1 REV0Data Acquisition Circuit Configuration Unipolar / Bipolar Inputs Analog Output ConfigurationSingle-ended / Differential Inputs Overview Analog Input Ranges and ResolutionInput Range Resolution 1 LSB Input Range SelectionPerforming AN A/D Conversion Perform an A/D conversion on the current channel LSB = inpbase MSB = inpbase+1Input voltage = A/D value / 32768 * Full-scale input range 15.A/D SCAN, INTERRUPT, and Fifo Operation Ainte Scanen Prometheus A/D Operating ModesLOW, High Description Analog Output Ranges and ResolutionResolution LSB = Output voltage range16.4 D/A Conversion Formulas and Tables REF 1 LSBConversion Formulas for Bipolar Output Ranges Generating AN Analog Output 18.2 A/D unipolar offset Analog Circuit Calibration18.1 A/D bipolar offset 18.3 A/D full-scaleDigital I/O Operation Counter 1 Counting/Totalizing Functions COUNTER/TIMER OperationCounter 0 A/D Sample Control Command Sequences CounterCounter Outpbase+15,0x01 Outpbase+15,0x81 Data Acquisition Specifications Power Supply ConfigurationUsing the Flashdisk with Another IDE Drive Flashdisk Module23. I/O Panel Board Location Type Description Panel Board I/O ConnectorsPanel Board Top Side / External Use I/O Connectors USB aPanel Board Power Connections J12 pinout to/from DC/DC power supplyJ3 Pinout J9 Pinout Installation J5 USBFlash Disk Programmer Board Cable Kit C-PRZ-KIT 25.I/O CablesPhoto No Cable No Description PL5 pin no DB15F pin no Signal VGA Accessory BoardPL5 pin no PL5 Signal J25 pin no J25 Signal Links Prometheus Connector Manufacturer Manufacturer Part NoMounting Prometheus on a Baseboard Website informationPage 28.PC/104 Mechanical Drawing

PR-Z32-E-ST, PR-Z32-EA-ST specifications

The Diamond Systems PR-Z32-EA-ST and PR-Z32-E-ST are pioneering solutions in the realm of embedded computing systems, designed to meet the challenging demands of various industrial applications. These boards harness advanced technologies and a comprehensive feature set to ensure exceptional performance, flexibility, and reliability.

At the heart of the PR-Z32 series is a robust processor architecture that combines efficiency with processing power. The systems are built around the Zynq-7000 SoC (System on Chip), which integrates a dual-core ARM Cortex-A9 processor with Xilinx FPGA technology. This hybrid architecture provides the ability to run complex algorithms and custom logic concurrently, making the boards ideal for applications requiring intense computational tasks such as image processing, data acquisition, and real-time control.

One of the main features of the PR-Z32-EA-ST and PR-Z32-E-ST is their versatility. Both variants support a wide range of I/O options, including USB, Ethernet, CAN, and serial interfaces. This range of connectivity allows for integrations with various sensors, actuators, and other peripheral devices, making it suitable for industrial automation, robotics, and IoT projects. The inclusion of multiple GPIO pins also enhances the capability of the boards to interface with additional hardware.

In terms of performance, the PR-Z32 series supports substantial amounts of on-board memory, which can be essential for applications requiring the storage and processing of large datasets. The configurations are often customizable, allowing users to select the appropriate amount of RAM and on-board flash memory for their specific applications.

Reliability is a critical characteristic of the Diamond Systems PR-Z32 series. The boards are built to withstand adverse environmental conditions, making them suitable for deployment in industrial environments. They are often designed to operate over a wide temperature range, ensuring functionality in both hot and cold climates. Additionally, the boards are compliant with various industry standards, assuring users of their robustness and durability.

Moreover, the PR-Z32-EA-ST and PR-Z32-E-ST support real-time operating systems (RTOS) and conventional operating systems such as Linux. This support provides developers with the flexibility to choose the best environment for their applications, whether they require real-time performance or full-fledged operating system features.

In conclusion, the Diamond Systems PR-Z32-EA-ST and PR-Z32-E-ST are formidable options for those seeking powerful, versatile, and reliable embedded computing solutions. With their advanced SoC architecture, flexible I/O options, extensive memory configurations, and environmental resilience, these boards are well-equipped to tackle the challenges of modern industrial applications.
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