Vermont Casting 1610 Draft Management, Steel Chimney, Indoor/Outdoor Location, Flue Sizing

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Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove

Draft Management

A stove is part of a system, which includes the chimney, the operator, the fuel, and the home. The other parts of the system will affect how well the stove works. When there is a good match between all the parts, the system works well.

Wood stove or insert operation depends on natural (unforced) draft. Natural draft occurs when the exhaust is hotter (and therefore lighter) than the outdoor air at the top of the chimney. The bigger the temperature difference, the stronger the draft. As the hot gases rise through the chimney they provide suction or ‘draw’ that pulls air into the stove for combustion. A slow, lazy fire with the stove’s air inlets fully open indicates a weak draft. A brisk fire, supported only by air entering the stove through the normal inlets, indicates a good draft. The stove’s air inlets are passive; they regulate how much air can enter the stove, but they don’t move air into it.

Depending on the features of your installation - steel or masonry chimney, inside or outside the house, matched to the stove’s outlet or oversized - your system may warm up quickly, or it may take a while to warm up and operate well. With an ‘airtight’ stove, one which restricts the amount of air getting into the firebox, the chimney must keep the stove’s exhaust warm all the way to the outdoors in order for the stove to work well. Some chimneys do this better than others. Here’s

a list of features and their effects.

Masonry Chimney

Masonry is a traditional material for chimneys, but it can perform poorly when it serves an ‘airtight’ stove. Masonry is a very effective ‘heat sink’ - it absorbs a lot of heat. It can cool the chimney gases enough to dimin- ish draft. The bigger the chimney, the longer it takes to warm up. It’s often very difficult to warm up an outdoor masonry chimney, especially an oversized one, and keep it warm enough to maintain an adequate draft.

Steel Chimney

Most factory-made steel chimneys have a layer of insulation around the inner flue. This insulation keeps the chimney warm. The insulation is less dense than masonry, so a steel chimney warms up more quickly than a masonry chimney. Steel doesn’t have the good looks of masonry, but it performs much better.

Indoor/Outdoor Location

Because the chimney must keep the smoke warm, it’s best to locate it inside the house. This uses the house as insulation for the flue and allows some heat release into the home. An indoor chimney won’t lose its heat

to the outdoors, so it takes less heat from the stove to heat it up and keep it warm.

Chimney Height

The common wisdom tells us that a taller flue draws better than a short one. This isn’t necessarily so. If a chimney is tall enough to meet the safety requirements of the 2/3/10 foot rule, then adding more height isn’t the right answer to a draft problem. In fact it could make the problem worse by adding more mass to the chimney system, which must be warmed up, a distance from the heat source (the stove). Don’t make a chimney taller unless you must in order to meet the safety rules, or un- less there’s some nearby feature causing a downdraft. Even then, there are downdraft-preventing chimney caps available, which are probably the smarter choice.

Flue Sizing

The inside size of a chimney for an ‘airtight’ stove should match the size of the stove’s flue outlet. When a chimney serves an airtight stove, more is not better; in fact, it can be a disadvantage. Hot gases lose heat faster as they travel slower through a chimney; if we vent a stove with a six-inch flue collar (28 square inch area) into a 10 x 10” flue, the gases slow to one third their original speed. This allows the gases to cool more rapids, which weakens draft strength. If an oversized flue is also outside the house, the heat it absorbs gets transferred to the outdoor air and the flue usually stays cool.

It is common for a masonry flue, especially one serving a fireplace, to be oversized for the stove. It can take quite a while to warm up such a flue, and the results can be disappointing. The best solution to an oversized flue is an insulated steel chimney liner, the same diam- eter as the stove or insert’s flue outlet; the liner keeps the exhaust warm, and the result is a stronger draft. An uninsulated liner is a second choice - the liner keeps the exhaust restricted to its original size, but the hot gases still must warm up the air around the liner. This makes the warm-up process take longer.

Pipe & Chimney Layout

Every turn the exhaust must take as it travels to the chimney top will slow it down. The ideal pipe and chim- ney layout is to vent vertically into a completely straight and vertical chimney. If you are starting from scratch, use this layout if possible. If the stovepipe must elbow to enter a chimney, locate the thimble about midway between the stove top and the ceiling. This achieves several goals: it allows the gases to speed up before they must turn, it leaves some pipe in the room for heat

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Contents Defiant Welcome Save These Instructions for Future ReferenceInstallation Accessories Table of ContentsStory of the Defiant Specifications Defiant, ModelOutside Air InstallationChimney Height What Kind of Chimney to Use Masonry ChimneysPrefabricated Chimneys Chimney SizeChimney Connector Guidelines Single-wall Chimney ConnectorsSecuring the Single-wall Connector to a Masonry Chimney Freestanding InstallationsFireplace Installations Above the FireplaceThrough the Fireplace Wall Pass-ThroughsFloor Protection An approved wall pass-through for CanadaFloor Protection for Fireplace Installation Keep the Stove a Safe Distance From Surrounding MaterialsWall Shields Safe Ways to Reduce ClearancesFireplace and Mantel Trim Shields Fireplace and Mantel Trim Clearances Defiant NC Clearance Chart for 6 Connections only Stove Clearance Unprotected Surfaces Protected Surfaces1Defiant NC Clearance Chart for 8 Connections only Stove Clearance1 Unprotected Surfaces Protected SurfacesDefiant NC Clearance Diagrams Unprotected Surfaces Protected SurfacesRefer to Important 1220 mm Note on This Installations Defiant With Flue Collar Heat Shield Only34³⁄₈ Assembly Set Up Your StoveInstall Stove Legs Install the Bottom Heat ShieldInstall the Optional Ash Door Heat Shield Adjust the Leg LevellersReverse the Flue Collar If necessary Attach the Damper HandleFan Kit Installation OperationDefiant Controls Single Air Control Regulates Heat Output and Burn TimeDamper Directs Air Flow Within the Stove Two Ways to Add FuelUse the Air Control Settings that Work Best for You Infra-Red Reflective Glass Panels For Clear Fire ViewingAndirons Help Protect the Glass Burn Only High-Quality WoodConditioning Your Stove Defiant Control SettingsStarting and Maintaining a Wood Fire Refuel While the Embers Are Still Hot Add larger pieces of wood as the fire begins to burnAsh Disposal Draft Management Steel ChimneyIndoor/Outdoor Location Flue SizingDraft Testing Single VentingCreosote FuelConclusion Maintenance Adjust the Damper as Needed How to Adjust the Door LatchesTighten the Damper Handle as Needed Replace the Stove Gaskets as NeededChimney System All Gasketed Construction GasketsMaintenance Schedule Stove Chimney ConnectorDefiant Woodburning Stove Defiant Woodburning Stove Model Shell Enamel Parts Defiant Model Defiant 1610 Non-Catalytic Woodburning Stove Limited Lifetime Warranty CFM Corporation
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